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We argue that the definition of the thermodynamic work done on a charged particle by a time-dependent electromagnetic field is an open problem, because the particle's Hamiltonian is not gauge-invariant. The solution of this problem demands…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-06-29 A. E. Allahverdyan , S. G. Babajanyan

This paper resolves a persistent ambiguity regarding the covariant formulation of electrodynamics in a vacuum, as well as of Minkowski's electrodynamics of moving isotropic media. By analyzing a recent debate, we demonstrate that current…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 D V Redžić

Gauge theory underpins the quantum field theories of the standard model, and in a previous paper was shown via a geometric approach to describe classical electromagnetism in a form which approximates QED. Here we formalize and generalize…

General Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Adam Marsh

We have derived energy conservation equations from the quaternionic Newton's law that is compatible with Lorentz transformation. This Newton's law yields directly the Euler equation and other equations governing the fluid motion. With this…

General Physics · Physics 2011-08-11 Arbab I. Arbab

Maxwell-Lorenz theory describes only vortex electromagnetic processes. Potential component of the magnetic field is usually excluded by the introduction of mathematical terms: Coulomb and Lorenz gauges. Proposed approach to the construction…

General Physics · Physics 2010-08-25 A. K. Tomilin

A new formulation of electromagnetism based on linear differential commutator brackets is developed. Maxwell equations are derived, using these commutator brackets, from the vector potential $\vec{A}$, the scalar potential $\phi$ and the…

General Physics · Physics 2012-03-21 Arbab I. Arbab , Faisal A. Yassein

We argue that the classical theory of electromagnetism is based on Maxwell's macroscopic equations, an energy postulate, a momentum postulate, and a generalized form of the Lorentz law of force. These seven postulates constitute the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2013-12-13 Masud Mansuripur , Armis R. Zakharian

Starting from the experimental fact that a moving charge experiences the Lorentz force and applying the fundamental principles of simplicity (first order derivatives only) and linearity (superposition principle), we show that the structure…

Classical Physics · Physics 2016-05-27 Gerhard Diener , Jürgen Weissbarth , Frank Grossmann , Rüdiger Schmidt

Using two new well defined 4-dimensional potential vectors, we formulate the classical Maxwell's field theory in a form which has manifest Lorentz covariance and SO(2) duality symmetry in the presence of magnetic sources. We set up a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Wen-Jun Chen , Kang Li , Carlos Naón

In the present article, we discuss a modification of classical electrodynamics in which ``ordinary'' point charges are absent. The modified equations contain additional terms describing the induced charges and currents. The densities of the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. V. Fedorov , E. G. Kalashnikov

The fallacies associated with the gauge concept in electromagnetism are illustrated. A clearer and more valid formulation of the basics of classical electromagnetism is provided by recognizing existing physical constraints as well as the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2014-11-21 Paul J. Cote

The basic physics disciplines of Maxwell's electrodynamics and Newton's mechanics have been thoroughly tested in the laboratory, but they can nevertheless also support nonphysical solutions. The unphysical nature of some dynamical…

General Physics · Physics 2019-11-13 H. R. Reiss

The Maxwell equations in the presence of sources are first derived without making use of the potentials and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for classical electrodynamics is written down. The manifestly gauge invariant theory is then quantized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-05 Partha Ghose

We will display the fundamental structure of classical electrodynamics. Starting from the axioms of (1) electric charge conservation, (2) the existence of a Lorentz force density, and (3) magnetic flux conservation, we will derive Maxwell's…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Friedrich W. Hehl , Yuri N. Obukhov , Guillermo F. Rubilar

A fully relativistically covariant formulation of the classical Maxwell electrodynamics of an arbitrarily-moving point charge is presented, purely in terms of gauge invariant potentials without entailing any gauge fixing. A new,…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-05-21 Anarya Ray , Parthasarathi Majumdar , Zahid Ansari

The axiomatic structure of the electromagnetic theory is outlined. We will base classical electrodynamics on (1) electric charge conservation, (2) the Lorentz force, (3) magnetic flux conservation, and (4) on the Maxwell-Lorentz spacetime…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Friedrich W. Hehl , Yuri N. Obukhov

We demonstrate for the first time and unexpectedly that the Principle of Relativity dictates the choice of the "gauge conditions" in the canonical example of a Gauge Theory namely Classical Electromagnetism. All the known "gauge conditions"…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-12-15 Germain Rousseaux

We give a concise axiomatic introduction into the fundamental structure of classical electrodynamics: It is based on electric charge conservation, the Lorentz force, magnetic flux conservation, and the existence of local and linear…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank Gronwald , Friedrich W. Hehl , Jürgen Nitsch

We consider a model of topological solitons where charged particles have finite mass and the electric charge is quantised already at the classical level. In the electrodynamic limit, which physically corresponds to electrodynamics of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Manfried Faber , Alexander P. Kobushkin

We study the classical electrodynamics of extended bodies. Currently, there is no self-consistent dynamical theory of such bodies in the literature. Electromagnetic energy-momentum is not conserved in the presence of charge and some…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 P. D. Flammer