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We compute an explicit formula for the antipode of the double bialgebra of graphs in terms of totally acyclic partial orientations, using some general results on double bialgebras. In analogy to what was already proven in Hopf-algebraic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Loïc Foissy , Claudia Malvenuto

For each graph and each positive integer $n$, we define a chain complex whose graded Euler characteristic is equal to an appropriate $n$-specialization of the dichromatic polynomial. This also gives a categorification of $n$-specializations…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Marko Stosic

We establish Guay-Paquet's unpublished linear relation between certain chromatic symmetric functions by relating his algebra on paths to the $q$-Klyachko algebra. The coefficients in this relations are $q$-hit polynomials, and they come up…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-09 Philippe Nadeau , Vasu Tewari

Our aim in this paper is to trace some of the surprising and beautiful connections which are beginning to emerge between a number of apparently disparate topics: Knot Theory, Categorical Quantum Mechanics, and Logic and Computation. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-16 Samson Abramsky

Resolving a 1985 open problem of Gy\'arf\'as, we prove that chromatic number is polynomially bounded by clique number for graphs with no induced five-vertex path $P_5$. Our approach introduces a chromatic density framework involving…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Tung H. Nguyen

Suppose $G$ is a simple graph with $n$ vertices, $m$ edges, and rank $r$. Let $\chi_G(t)=a_0t^n-a_1t^{n-1}+\cdots +(-1)^ra_rt^{n-r}$ be the chromatic polynomial of $G$. For $q,k\in \Bbb{Z}$ and $0\le k\le q+r+1$, we obtain a sharp two-side…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-03 Suijie Wang , Yeong-Nan Yeh , Fengwei Zhou

We prove several results about three families of graphs. For queen graphs, defined from the usual moves of a chess queen, we find the edge-chromatic number in almost all cases. In the unproved case, we have a conjecture supported by a vast…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-28 Witold Jarnicki , Wendy Myrvold , Peter Saltzman , Stan Wagon

A homomorphism from a graph $X$ to a graph $Y$ is an adjacency preserving mapping $f:V(X) \rightarrow V(Y)$. We consider a nonlocal game in which Alice and Bob are trying to convince a verifier with certainty that a graph $X$ admits a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson

Let $G$ be a connected general graph. Let $f\colon V(G)\to \Z^+$ be a function. We show that $G$ satisfies the Tutte-type condition \[ o(G-S)\le f(S)\qquad\text{for all vertex subsets $S$}, \] if and only if it contains a colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-17 Hongliang Lu , David G. L. Wang

We show that any graph polynomial from a wide class of graph polynomials yields a recurrence relation on an infinite class of families of graphs. The recurrence relations we obtain have coefficients which themselves satisfy linear…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-17 Tomer Kotek , Johann A. Makowsky

We study the relation between the correspondence chromatic number and the Alon--Tarsi number, both upper bounds on the list chromatic number of a graph. There are many graphs with Alon--Tarsi number greater than the correspondence chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-27 Eric Culver , Stephen Hartke

The topological Tverberg theorem has been generalized in several directions by setting extra restrictions on the Tverberg partitions. Restricted Tverberg partitions, defined by the idea that certain points cannot be in the same part, are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-06 Alexander Engström , Patrik Norén

We associate to each synchronous game an algebra whose representations determine if the game has a perfect deterministic strategy, perfect quantum strategy or one of several other perfect strategies. when applied to the graph coloring game,…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2017-03-06 William Helton , Kyle P. Meyer , Vern I. Paulsen , Matthew Satriano

We state and prove an identity which connects theta series associated with binary quadratic forms of idoneal discriminants $\Delta$ and $\Delta p^2$, for $p$ a prime. Employing this identity, we extend the results of Toh by writing the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-10 Frank Patane

The determination of the quantum chromatic number of graphs has attracted considerable attention recently. However, there are few families of graphs whose quantum chromatic numbers are determined. A notable exception is the family of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Tao Luo , Yu Ning , Xiande Zhang

In this paper we study threshold coloring of graphs, where the vertex colors represented by integers are used to describe any spanning subgraph of the given graph as follows. Pairs of vertices with near colors imply the edge between them is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-05-20 Md. Jawaherul Alam , Steven Chaplick , Gašper Fijavž , Michael Kaufmann , Stephen G. Kobourov , Sergey Pupyrev

\textit{Total Coloring} of a graph is a major coloring problem in combinatorial mathematics, introduced in the early $1960$s. A \textit{total coloring} of a graph $G$ is a map $f:V(G) \cup E(G) \rightarrow \mathcal{K}$, where $\mathcal{K}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-18 T Srinivasa Murthy

A proper 2-tone $k$-coloring of a graph is a labeling of the vertices with elements from $\binom{[k]}{2}$ such that adjacent vertices receive disjoint labels and vertices distance 2 apart receive distinct labels. The 2-tone chromatic number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-03 Deepak Bal , Patrick Bennett , Andrzej Dudek , Alan Frieze

We give a new interpretation of the chromatic polynomial of a simple graph G in terms of the Kac-Moody Lie algebra with Dynkin diagram G. We show that the chromatic polynomial is essentially the q-Kostant partition function of this Lie…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-22 R. Venkatesh , Sankaran Viswanath

By the construction of suitable graphs and the determination of their chromatic polynomials, we resolve two open questions concerning real chromatic roots. First we exhibit graphs for which the Beraha number $B_{10} = (5 + \sqrt{5})/2$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-24 Daniel J. Harvey , Gordon F. Royle