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Our understanding about things is conceptual. By stating that we reason about objects, it is in fact not the objects but concepts referring to them that we manipulate. Now, so long just as we acknowledge infinitely extending notions such as…
Mechanics can be founded in a principle stating the uncertainty in the position of an observable particle delta-q as a function of its motion relative to the observer, expressed in a trajectory representation . From this principle,…
A restriction was found in the mathematics of the Dirac equation for a free neutrino type of particle. The basic assumption here is the equivalence of the four variables of spacetime. A perspective is defined as a metric tensor format. We…
Physically observable particles are assumed to result from an interaction between massless positively and negatively oriented 2-component Weyl neutrinos. A simple quantum mechanical analysis of a composite system of Weyl neutrinos of…
Quantum physics, which describes the strange behavior of light and matter at the smallest scales, is one of the most successful descriptions of reality, yet it is notoriously inaccessible. Here we provide an approachable explanation of…
Extension of particle symmetry implies new conserved charges and the lightest particles, possessing such charges, should be stable. Created in early Universe, stable charged heavy leptons and quarks can exist and, hidden in elusive atoms…
We describe the very nature of the elementary particles, which our (visible) Universe consists of. We point out that they are not point-like, and we depict their ways of interacting. We also address puzzles that occur even in the absence of…
Composite particles---atoms, molecules, or microspheres---are unique tools for testing joint quantum and general relativistic effects, macroscopic limits of quantum mechanics, and searching for new physics. However, all studies of the free…
This paper argues that the physics of condensed matter cannot be fully reduced to the supposedly fundamental quantum mechanical theory for all the atoms of which the system consists. In fact, there are many reasons to reject the idea that…
By putting together an abstract view on quantum mechanics and a quantum-optics picture of the interactions of an atom with light, we develop a corresponding set of C++ classes that set up the numerical analysis of an atom with an arbitrary…
This paper describes a mechanical theory for the unification of the basic forces of Nature with only one wave-particle interaction. The theory is based on the hypothesis that the ultimate components of matter are just two kind of pulsing…
Well over a century after the discovery of the electron, we are still faced with serious conceptual issues regarding precisely what an electron is. Since the development of particle physics and the Standard Model, we have accumulated a…
The physics of matter in the condensed state is concerned with problems in which the number of constituent particles is vastly greater than can be easily comprehended. The inherent physical limitations of the human mind are fundamental and…
Quantum theory's irreducible empirical core is a probability calculus. While it presupposes the events to which (and on the basis of which) it serves to assign probabilities, and therefore cannot account for their occurrence, it has to be…
Elementary particles in quantum mechanics (QM) are indistinguishable when sharing the same intrinsic properties and the same quantum state. So, we can consider quantum particles as non-individuals, although non-individuality is usually…
Quantum mechanics ordinarily describes particles as being pointlike, in the sense that the uncertainty $\Delta x$ can, in principle, be made arbitrarily small. It has been shown that suitable correction terms to the canonical commutation…
A canonical transformation is performed on the phase space of a number of homogeneous cosmologies to simplify the form of the scalar (or, Hamiltonian) constraint. Using the new canonical coordinates, it is then easy to obtain explicit…
Quantum relativistic probability description of continuous world is re-examined. The new conception of physical world is offered. It is based on deterministic description of elementary particles, on conception The standard probability…
The development of ideas about the optical phenomenon called the accelerating matter effect led to the hypothesis of the existence of a very general acceleration effect. Its formulation is that the result of the particle interaction with…
Recently, a variational principle has been derived from Einstein-Hilbert and a matter Lagrangian for the spherically symmetric system of a dust shell and a black hole. The so-called physical region of the phase space, which contains all…