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Quantum mechanics marks a radical departure from the classical understanding of Nature, fostering an inherent randomness which forbids a deterministic description; yet the most fundamental departure arises from something different. As shown…

We set out a fundamental ontology of atomism in terms of matter points. While being most parsimonious, this ontology is able to match both classical and quantum mechanics, and it remains a viable option for any future theory of cosmology…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-10-14 Michael Esfeld , Dirk-André Deckert , Andrea Oldofredi

According to classical physics particles are basic building blocks of the world. Classical particles are distinguishable objects, individuated by physical characteristics. By contrast, in quantum mechanics the standard view is that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-26 Dennis Dieks , Andrea Lubberdink

Elementary Cycles Theory is a self-consistent, unified formulation of quantum and relativistic physics. Here we introduce its basic quantum aspects. On one hand, Newton's law of inertia states that every isolated particle has persistent…

General Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Donatello Dolce

Classical theory asserts that several electromagnetic waves cannot interact with matter if they interfere destructively to zero, whereas quantum mechanics predicts a nontrivial light-matter dynamics even when the average electric field…

The mathematical rules used to handle systems of identical quantum particles bring into question whether the elementary constituents of matter, such as electrons, have the fundamental characteristics of persistence and reidentifiability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Philip Goyal

The Standard Model of the elementary particles is controlled by more than 20 parameters, of which it is not known today how they can be linked to deeper principles. Any attempt to clean up this theory, in general results in producing more…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-14 Gerard t Hooft

The Standard Model of particle physics was established based on the equivalence principle and gauge invariance. The Lagrangians were built upon experimental data demonstrating the violation of discrete symmetries together with ideas of…

General Physics · Physics 2017-09-22 Zhongmin Qian

The most successful "Standard Model" allows one to define the so-called "Elementary Particles". Now from another point of view, philosophical, how can we think of them? Which kind of a status can be attributed to Elementary Particles and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 D-M. Cabaret , T. Grandou , G-M. Grange , E. Perrier

Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…

General Physics · Physics 2019-09-27 Daniele Funaro

Systems of classical continuous particles in the grand canonical ensemble interacting through purely attractive, yet stable, interactions are defined. By a lattice approximation, FKG ferromagnetic inequalities are shown to hold for such…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Gottschalk

Relativity and quantum mechanics are generalized by considering a finite limit for the smallest measurable distance. The value a of this quantum of length is unknown, but it is a universal constant, like c and h. It depends on the total…

General Physics · Physics 2011-08-25 A. Meessen

Many Lagrangians of physical theories can be expressed as eigenvalues of certain, relatively simple, matrices involving Dirac gamma matrices. We give concrete examples for Lagrangian corresponding to a point particle coupled to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-09-04 Maciej Trzetrzelewski

It is argued that quantum mechanics follows naturally from the assumptions that there are no fundamental causal laws but only probabilities for physical processes that are constrained by symmetries, and reality is relational in the sense…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 Jeeva Anandan

A conjecture on the origin of elementary particle masses is discussed, based on the micro-universe and quantum state reduction concepts. The reduction of the quantum state of a real particle is understood to take place objectively; in every…

General Physics · Physics 2009-05-26 L. Chiatti

The hypothesis of quantum self-interference is not directly observable, but has at least three necessary implications. First, a quantum entity must have no less than two open paths. Second, the size of the interval between any two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ghenadie N. Mardari

All contemporary phenomenological models of elastic hadronic scattering have been based in principle on the assumption of optical theorem validity that has been overtaken from optics. It will be shown that the given theorem which has not…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-08-13 Milos V. Lokajicek , Vojtech Kundrat , Jiri Prochazka

After a revision of the main features of the structure of the Dirac electron a plausible definition of elementary particle is stated. It is shown that this definition leads in the classical case to a picture which produces a very clear…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Martin Rivas

Dark Matter (DM) being the vital ingredient in the cosmos, still remains a mystery. Standard assumption is that the collisionless cold dark matter (CCDM) particles are represented by some weakly interacting fundamental fields which can not…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ariel Zhitnitsky

This note presents two ideas. The first one is that quantum theory has a fundamentally perturbative basis but leads to nonperturbative states which it would seem natural to take into account in the foundation of a theory of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Claude Billionnet