Related papers: Crowd turbulence: the physics of crowd disasters
The breaking of detailed balance, the symmetry between forward and backward probability transition between two states, is crucial to understand irreversible systems. In hydrodynamic turbulence, a far-from equilibrium system, we observe a…
The collection of active agents often exhibits intriguing statistical and dynamical properties, particularly when considering human crowds. In this study, we have developed a computational model to simulate the recent experiment on real…
Epidemic disease spreading is conventionally often modelled and analyzed by means of rate and diffusion equations, following the paradigms of well-controlled chemical reactions and diffusive dynamics in a test tube. Yet, serious worries…
A calculational approach in fluid turbulence is presented. Use is made of the attracting nature of the fluid-dynamic dynamical system. An approximate approach is offerred that effectively propagates the statistics in time. Loss of…
We study the statistics of human deaths from wars, conflicts, similar man-made conflicts as well as natural disasters. The probability distribution of number of people killed in natural disasters as well as man made situations show power…
Dynamical networks are important models for the behaviour of complex systems, modelling physical, biological and societal systems, including the brain, food webs, epidemic disease in populations, power grids and many other. Such dynamical…
This article examines the subtle relationship between chaos and randomness, two concepts that, although they refer to seemingly unpredictable phenomenon, are based on fundamentally different principles. Chaos manifests in deterministic…
Some risks have extremely high stakes. For example, a worldwide pandemic or asteroid impact could potentially kill more than a billion people. Comfortingly, scientific calculations often put very low probabilities on the occurrence of such…
With climate change, we are expecting more frequent extreme weather events in many regions worldwide. These events can trigger disruptive, deadly natural hazards, which catch the attention of the media and raise awareness in citizens and…
The research objectives are exploring characteristics of human mobility patterns, subsequently modelling them mathematically depending on inter-event time and traveled distances parameters using CDRs (Call Detailed Records). The…
Scientists agree about the urgency of the problem of climate change. Most citizens, however, pay little attention to gradually increasing temperature levels. Growing numbers of natural disasters in the world might then play a fundamental…
Pedestrian crowds often include social groups, i.e. pedestrians that walk together because of social relationships. They show characteristic configurations and influence the dynamics of the entire crowd. In order to investigate the impact…
Tidal disruption events involve numerous physical processes (fluid dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, radiation transport, self-gravity, general relativistic dynamics) in highly nonlinear ways, and, because TDEs are transients by definition,…
A Circumnuclear Disk (CND) of molecular gas occupies the central few parsecs of the Galactic Center. It is likely subject to turbulent disruptions from violent events in its surrounding environment, but the effect of such perturbations has…
We investigate the sequence of great earthquakes over the past century. To examine whether the earthquake record includes temporal clustering, we identify aftershocks and remove those from the record. We focus on the recurrence time,…
Natural disasters, such as floods, tornadoes, or wildfires, are increasingly pervasive as the Earth undergoes global warming. It is difficult to predict when and where an incident will occur, so timely emergency response is critical to…
Panic-induced herding in individuals often leads to social disasters, resulting in people being trapped and trampled in crowd stampedes triggered by panic. We introduce a novel approach that offers fresh insights into studying the…
Traffic congestion is usually observed at the upper streams of bottlenecks such as tunnels. Congestion appears as stop-and-go waves and high density uniform flow. We perform simulations of traffic flow with a bottleneck using the coupled…
Individual differences in mobility (e.g., due to wheelchair use) are often ignored in the prediction of crowd movement. Consequently, engineering tools cannot fully describe the impact of vulnerable populations on egress performance. To…
Earthquakes are rupture-like processes that propagate along tectonic faults and cause seismic waves. The propagation speed and final area of the rupture, which determine an earthquake's potential impact, are directly related to the nature…