Related papers: Crowd turbulence: the physics of crowd disasters
This paper is a personal overview of the efforts over the last half century to understand fluid turbulence in terms of simpler coherent units. The consequences of chaos and the concept of coherence are first reviewed, using examples from…
This article is on collective phenomena in pedestrian dynamics during the assembling and dispersal phases of gatherings. To date pedestrian dynamics have been primarily studied in the natural and engineering sciences. Pedestrians are…
Catastrophic phase inversion, the sudden breakdown of a dense emulsion, occurs when the dispersed majority phase irreversibly exchanges role with the continuous minority phase. This common process has been extensively studied over the past…
We explore the emergence of nonequilibrium collective motion in disordered non-thermal active matter when persistent motion and crowding effects compete, using simulations of a two-dimensional model of size polydisperse self-propelled…
An important challenge in several disciplines is to understand how sudden changes can propagate among coupled systems. Examples include the synchronization of business cycles, population collapse in patchy ecosystems, markets shifting to a…
We argue that the transition to turbulence is controlled by large amplitude events that follow extreme distribution theory. The theory suggests an explanation for recent observations of the turbulent state lifetime which exhibit…
Despite the rising importance of enhancing community resilience to disasters, our understanding on how communities recover from catastrophic events is limited. Here we study the population recovery dynamics of disaster affected regions by…
The frequency of disruptive and newly emerging threats (e.g. man-made attacks--cyber and physical attacks; extreme natural events--hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods) has escalated dramatically in the last decade. Impacts of these events…
Extreme events gain the attention of researchers due to their utmost importance in various contexts ranging from finance to climatology. This brings such recurrent events to the limelight of attention in interdisciplinary research. A…
Statistical physics has proven to be a very fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. The last years have witnessed the attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the…
Environments such as shopping malls, airports, or hospital emergency departments often experience crowding, with many people simultaneously requesting service. Crowding is highly noisy, with sudden overcrowding "spikes". Past research has…
In large crowd events, there is always a potential possibility that a stampede accident will occur. The accident may cause injuries or even death. Approaches for controlling crowd flows and predicting dangerous congestion spots would be a…
Scaling analysis reveals striking regularities in earthquake occurrence. The time between any one earthquake and that following it is random, but it is described by the same universal-probability distribution for any spatial region and…
In emergency management for mass gathering, the knowledge about crowd types can highly assist with providing timely response and effective resource allocation. Crowd monitoring can be achieved using computer vision based approaches and…
Turbulence is a widely observed state of fluid flows, characterized by complex, nonlinear interactions between motions across a broad spectrum of length and time scales. While turbulence is ubiquitous, from teacups to planetary atmospheres,…
In this survey we consider mathematical models and methods recently developed to control crowd dynamics, with particular emphasis on egressing pedestrians. We focus on two control strategies: The first one consists in using special agents,…
Increasing attention is being given to the modeling and simulation of traffic flow and crowd movement, two phenomena that both deal with interactions between pedestrians and cars in many situations. In particular, crowd simulation is…
Tornadoes are severe weather phenomena characterized by a violently rotating column of air connecting the ground to a parent storm. Within the United States, hundreds of tornadoes occur every year. Despite this, the dynamics of tornado…
Turbulence is ubiquitous in the insterstellar medium and plays a major role in several processes such as the formation of dense structures and stars, the stability of molecular clouds, the amplification of magnetic fields, and the…
We present here two examples of stochastic modelings of social phenomena. The first topic is pedestrian counter flow. Two groups of model pedestrians move in opposite directions and create congestions. It will be shown that this congestion…