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This is the third in a series of papers which considers first-order gauge-invariant and covariant gravitational perturbations to locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) class II space-times. In this paper we complete our analysis of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-08-21 R. B. Burston

This paper considers gauge-invariant and covariant gravitational perturbations on arbitrary vacuum locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) class II space-times. Ultimately, we derive four decoupled equations governing four specific…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 R. B. Burston

We use the covariant and gauge-invariant 1+1+2 formalism of Clarkson and Barrett \cite{Clarkson2003} to analyze electromagnetic (EM) perturbations on non-vacuum {\it locally rotationally symmetric} (LRS) class II space-times. Ultimately, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 R B Burston

In this work we consider perturbations of homogeneous and hypersurface orthogonal cosmological backgrounds with local rotational symmetry (LRS), using a method based on the 1 + 1 + 2 covariant split of spacetime. The backgrounds, of LRS…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-08 Michael Bradley , Mats Forsberg , Zoltán Keresztes

First order perturbations of homogeneous and hypersurface orthogonal LRS (Locally Rotationally Symmetric) class II cosmologies with a cosmological constant are considered in the framework of the 1+1+2 covariant decomposition of spacetime.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-23 Philip Semrén , Michael Bradley

We study scalar field and electromagnetic perturbations on Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) class II spacetimes, exploiting a recently developed covariant and gauge-invariant perturbation formalism. From the Klein-Gordon equation and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Gerold Betschart , Chris A. Clarkson

We present a method that yields three decoupled covariant equations for three complex scalars, which completely govern electromagnetic perturbations of non-vacuum, locally rotationally symmetric class II spacetimes. One of these equations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Raymond Burston , Anthony Lun

We use the, covariant and gauge-invariant, 1+1+2 formalism developed by Clarkson and Barrett, and develop new techniques, to decouple electromagnetic (EM) perturbations on arbitrary locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) space-times.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 R. B. Burston , A. W. C. Lun

First order perturbations of homogeneous and hypersurface orthogonal LRS (Locally Rotationally Symmetric) class II cosmologies with a cosmological constant are considered in the framework of the 1+1+2 covariant decomposition of spacetime.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-25 Robin Törnkvist , Michael Bradley

Gravitational self-force theory is the primary way of modelling extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs). One difficulty that appears in second-order self-force calculations is the strong divergence at the worldline of the small object, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-15 Samuel D. Upton

We present a fully covariant and gauge-invariant analysis of linear cosmological perturbations in Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity. Working within the 1+3 formalism, we derive the exact propagation equations for scalar, vector, and tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-10 Peter K. S. Dunsby , Maria-Alexia Caldis , Eduardo Bittencourt

We continue to study the 2nd-order cosmological perturbations in synchronous coordinates in the framework of the general relativity (GR) during the radiation dominated (RD) stage, and to focus on the scalar-tensor and tensor-tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-27 Bo Wang , Yang Zhang

The Gerlach and Sengupta (GS) formalism of coordinate-invariant, first-order, spherical and nonspherical perturbations around an arbitrary spherical spacetime is generalized to higher orders, focusing on second-order perturbation theory.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 David Brizuela , Jose M. Martin-Garcia , Guillermo A. Mena Marugan

High-accuracy gravitational-wave modeling demands going beyond linear, first-order perturbation theory. Particularly motivated by the need for second-order perturbative models of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals and black hole ringdowns, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-08 Andrew Spiers , Adam Pound , Barry Wardell

In this work, we focus on the theory of Gravito-Electromagnetism (GEM) -- the theory that describes the dynamics of the gravitational field in terms of quantities met in Electromagnetism -- and we propose two novel forms of metric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-13 Athanasios Bakopoulos , Panagiota Kanti

We present a framework to describe completely general first-order perturbations of static, spatially compact, and locally rotationally symmetric class II spacetimes within the theory of general relativity. The perturbation variables are by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-10 Paulo Luz , Sante Carloni

We present a systematic study of the 2nd order scalar, vector and tensor metric perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter Universe in synchronous coordinates. For the scalar-scalar coupling between 1st order perturbations, we decompose the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-05 Bo Wang , Yang Zhang

We study the second-order perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter Universe in synchronous coordinate. We solve the second-order perturbed Einstein equation with scalar-tensor, and tensor-tensor couplings between 1st order perturbations, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-06 Yang Zhang , Fei Qin , Bo Wang

Using the tool of Hodge-Morrey decomposition of forms, we prove a new decomposition of symmetric rank-2 tensors on Ricci flat manifolds with boundary. Using this we reconstruct a new cosmological perturbation theory that allows for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-16 Emine Şeyma Kutluk

We study second order gravitational perturbations on plane wave spacetimes from both the metric and curvature perturbation points of view. For the former, we explicitly use the isometries of the background to introduce tensor oscillator…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-05 Kwinten Fransen , David Pereñiguez , Jaime Redondo-Yuste
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