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Causal inference is made challenging by confounding, selection bias, and other complications. A common approach to addressing these difficulties is the inclusion of auxiliary data on the superpopulation of interest. Such data may measure a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-16 Jaron J. R. Lee , AmirEmad Ghassami , Ilya Shpitser

Protecting the privacy of data-sets has become hugely important these days. Many real-life data-sets like income data, medical data need to be secured before making it public. However, security comes at the cost of losing some useful…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-16 Debolina Ghatak , Bimak K Roy

Researchers often face choices between multiple data sources that differ in quality, cost, and representativeness. Which sources will most improve predictive performance? We study this data prioritization problem under a random distribution…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-16 Ivy Zhang , Dominik Rothenhäusler

All inverse problems rely on data to recover unknown parameters, yet not all data are equally informative. This raises the central question of data selection. A distinctive challenge in PDE-based inverse problems is their inherently…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Kathrin Hellmuth , Ruhui Jin , Qin Li , Stephen J. Wright

Election data represent a precious source of information to study human behavior at a large scale. In proportional elections with open lists, the number of votes received by a candidate, rescaled by the average performance of all…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-01-25 Arnab Chatterjee , Marija Mitrović , Santo Fortunato

Statistical sufficiency formalizes the notion of data reduction. In the decision theoretic interpretation, once a model is chosen all inferences should be based on a sufficient statistic. However, suppose we start with a set of procedures…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-01 Vincent Q. Vu

The description of complex human mobility patterns is at the core of many important applications ranging from urbanism and transportation to epidemics containment. Data about collective human movements, once scarce, has become widely…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-11-21 Riccardo Gallotti , Davide Maniscalco , Marc Barthelemy , Manlio De Domenico

Confounder selection, namely choosing a set of covariates to control for confounding between a treatment and an outcome, is arguably the most important step in the design of an observational study. Previous methods, such as Pearl's…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 F. Richard Guo , Qingyuan Zhao

Inference in clustering is paramount to uncovering inherent group structure in data. Clustering methods which assess statistical significance have recently drawn attention owing to their importance for the identification of patterns in high…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-18 Debora Zava Bello , Marcio Valk , Gabriela Bettella Cybis

It is often said that the fundamental problem of causal inference is a missing data problem -- the comparison of responses to two hypothetical treatment assignments is made difficult because for every experimental unit only one potential…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-21 Razieh Nabi , Rohit Bhattacharya , Ilya Shpitser , James M. Robins

We study identification and estimation of causal effects in settings with panel data. Traditionally researchers follow model-based identification strategies relying on assumptions governing the relation between the potential outcomes and…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-02-18 Dmitry Arkhangelsky , Guido W. Imbens

Many researchers have applied classical statistical decision theory to evaluate treatment choices and learn optimal policies. However, because this framework is based solely on realized outcomes under chosen decisions and ignores…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Benedikt Koch , Kosuke Imai

This paper presents thirteen datasets for binary, multiclass and multilabel classification based on the European Court of Human Rights judgments since its creation. The interest of such datasets is explained through the prism of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Alexandre Quemy

We investigate how the use of bullet comparison algorithms and demonstrative evidence may affect juror perceptions of reliability, credibility, and understanding of expert witnesses and presented evidence. The use of statistical methods in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Rachel Rogers , Susan VanderPlas

Background and Objective: Breast cancer, which accounts for 23% of all cancers, is threatening the communities of developing countries because of poor awareness and treatment. Early diagnosis helps a lot in the treatment of the disease. The…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-24 Hamza Saad , Nagendra Nagarur

Internet data has surfaced as a primary source for investigation of different aspects of human behavior. A crucial step in such studies is finding a suitable cohort (i.e., a set of users) that shares a common trait of interest to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Luca Soldaini , Elad Yom-Tov

We show that the incorporation of any new piece of information allows for improved decision making in the sense that the expected costs of an optimal decision decrease (or, in boundary cases where no or not enough new information is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Aafko Boonstra , Ronald Meester , Klaas Slooten

Multiple imputation has become one of the most popular approaches for handling missing data in statistical analyses. Part of this success is due to Rubin's simple combination rules. These give frequentist valid inferences when the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-28 Jonathan W. Bartlett , Rachael A. Hughes

This article investigates crime patterns across European countries in 2022 using Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) to address limitations of traditional statistical approaches in dealing with the relative nature of crime data. Recognizing…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-18 Onur Batın Doğan , Fatma Sevinç Kurnaz

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Classification of cancer/non-cancer patients with clinical records requires high sensitivity and specificity for an acceptable diagnosis test. The state-of-the-art classification model -…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Anuraganand Sharma , Dinesh Kumar