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It is shown that a state that is factorizable in the Hilbert space corresponding to some choice of degrees of freedom, becomes entangled for a different choice of degrees of freedom. Therefore, entanglement is not a special case but is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-24 A. C. de la Torre , D. Goyeneche , L. Leitao

We present a classification of three-qubit states based in their three-qubit and reduced two-qubit entanglements. For pure states these criteria can be easily implemented, and the different types can be related with sets of equivalence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Carlos Sabín , Guillermo García-Alcaine

We show that all $n$-qubit entangled states, with the exception of tensor products of single-qubit and bipartite maximally-entangled states, admit Hardy-type proofs of non-locality without inequalities or probabilities. More precisely, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-22 Samson Abramsky , Carmen M. Constantin , Shenggang Ying

It is shown that any separable state on Hilbert space ${\cal H}={\cal H}_1\otimes{\cal H}_2$, can be written as a convex combination of N pure product states with $N\leq (dim{\cal H})^2$. Then a new separability criterion for mixed states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Pawel Horodecki

The Hermiticity condition in quantum mechanics required for the characterisation of (a) physical observables and (b) generators of unitary motions can be relaxed into a wider class of operators whose eigenvalues are real and whose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Dorje C. Brody

An unextendible biseparable basis (UBB) is a set of orthogonal pure biseparable states which span a subspace of a given Hilbert space while the complementary subspace contains only genuinely entangled states. These biseparable bases are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Atanu Bhunia , Subrata Bera , Indranil Biswas , Indrani Chattopadhyay , Debasis Sarkar

This paper present a geometric diagram of a separable state: If a mixed state $\sigma $ is separable, there are $2^{nS(\sigma)}$ linearly independant product vectors which span the same Hilbert space as the $2^{nS(\sigma)}$ ``likely''…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ping Xing Chen , Cheng Zu Li

We introduce a geometric framework for studying Bell nonlocality in Hilbert space, where, for a given quantum state, nonlocality is quantified by the distance between the state and the set of local states. This approach applies to any Bell…

It is known how to construct, in a bipartite quantum system, a unique low rank entangled mixed state with positive partial transpose (a PPT state) from an unextendible product basis (a UPB), defined as an unextendible set of orthogonal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Jon Magne Leinaas , Jan Myrheim , Per Øyvind Sollid

Given a quantum state in the finite-dimensional Hilbert space $ \C^n $, the range of possible values of a quantum observable is usually identified with the discrete spectrum of eigenvalues of a corresponding Hermitian matrix. Here any such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Peter J. Hammond

We study the discrimination of multipartite quantum states by local operations and classical communication. We derive that any optimal discrimination of quantum states spanning a two-dimensional Hilbert space in which each party's space is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-12 Kenji Nakahira , Tsuyoshi Sasaki Usuda

The aim of this thesis is to investigate quantum entanglement and quantum nonlocality of bipartite finite-dimensional systems (bipartite qudits). Entanglement is one of the most fascinating non-classical features of quantum theory, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-09 Christoph Spengler

An exploratory approach to the possibility of analyzing nonorthogonality as a quantifiable property is presented. Three different measures for the nonorthogonality of pure states are introduced, and one of these measures is extended to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Oliver Cohen

Suppose that a system is known to be in one of two quantum states, $|\psi_1 > $ or $|\psi_2 >$. If these states are not orthogonal, then in conventional quantum mechanics it is impossible with one measurement to determine with certainty…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-28 Carl M. Bender , Dorje C. Brody , Joao Caldeira , Bernard K. Meister

Orthogonality of eigenstates of different energies and its implications in potential scattering are unlabeled. Scalar products of scattering states of different energies are found to have finite non-orthogonal terms in potentials of finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 Kenzo Ishikawa

We present a graphical framework to represent entanglement in three-qubit states. The geometry associated with each entanglement class and type is analyzed, revealing distinct structural features. We explore the connection between this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Alfred Benedito , Germán Sierra

We investigate the entanglement properties of pure quantum states describing $n$ qubits. We characterize all multipartite states which can be maximally entangled to local auxiliary systems using controlled operations. A state has this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 C. Kruszynska , B. Kraus

Entanglement types of pure states of 3 qubits are classified by means of their stabilisers in the group of local unitary operations. It is shown that the stabiliser is generically discrete, and that a larger stabiliser indicates a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 H A Carteret , A Sudbery

Recently, it has been suggested that operational properties connected to quantum computation can be alternative indicators of quantum phase transitions. In this work we systematically study these operational properties in 1D systems that…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-07-01 Helena Braganca , Eduardo Mascarenhas , G. I. Luiz , C. Duarte , R. G. Pereira , M. F. Santos , M. C. O. Aguiar

Local or nonlocal character of quantum states can be quantified and is subject to various bounds that can be formulated as complementarity relations. Here, we investigate the local vs. nonlocal character of pure three-qubit states by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-19 Xinhua Peng , Jingfu Zhang , Jiangfeng Du , Dieter Suter
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