Related papers: The 2-adic valuation of a sequence arising from a …
In this paper, we convert Collatz map into a simple conjugate iterative maps defined in [0,1]. Such maps are more familiar to us and easier to deal with. Some new features of this map are observed by this method. An interesting heuristic…
This paper is a supplement to a talk for mathematics teachers given at the 2016 LSU Mathematics Contest for High School Students. The paper covers more details and aspects than could be covered in the talk. We start with an interesting…
Collatz Conjecture (also known as Ulam's conjecture and 3x+1 problem) concerns the behavior of the iterates of a particular function on natural numbers. A number of generalizations of the conjecture have been subjected to extensive study.…
We study rational circular billiards. By viewing the trajectory formed after each reflection point to another inside the circle as the number of circle divisions into regions we derive a general formula for the number of division regions…
We describe various structures of algebraic nature on the space of continuous valuations on convex sets, their properties (like versions of Poincar\'e duality and hard Lefschetz theorem), and their relations and applications to integral…
The paper gives some criteria for partial sums of rational number sequences to be not rational functions and to be not algebraic functions. As an application, we study partial sums of some famous rational number sequences in mathematical…
Algorithms for numerical computation of symmetric elliptic integrals of all three kinds are improved in several ways and extended to complex values of the variables (with some restrictions in the case of the integral of the third kind).…
This paper studies the proof of Collatz conjecture for some set of sequence of odd numbers with infinite number of elements. These set generalized to the set which contains all positive odd integers. This extension assumed to be the proof…
In this paper we focus on finding all the factorials expressible as a product of a fixed number of $2k$-nacci numbers with $k \geq 2$. We derive the 2-adic valuation of the $2k$-nacci sequence and use it to establish bounds on the solutions…
This paper is an overview and survey of work on the 3x+1 problem, also called the Collatz problem, and generalizations of it. It gives a history of the problem. It addresses two questions: (1) What can mathematics currently say about this…
Orbits in the principal planes of triaxial potentials are known to be prone to unstable motion normal to those planes, so that three dimensional investigations of those orbits are needed even though they are two dimensional. We present here…
We give three proofs that valuation rings are derived splinters: a geometric proof using the absolute integral closure, a homological proof which reduces the problem to checking that valuation rings are splinters (which is done in the…
This paper proposes a formula expression for the well-known Collatz conjecture (or 3x+1 problem), which can pinpoint all the growth points in the orbits of the Collatz map for any natural numbers. The Collatz map $Col: \mathcal{N}+1…
This paper develops an approach to the evaluation of quadratic Euler sums that involve harmonic numbers. The approach is based on simple integral computations of polyloga- rithms. By using the approach, we establish some relations between…
This paper concerns a class of orbital integrals in Lie algebras over p-adic fields. The values of these orbital integrals at the unit element in the Hecke algebra count points on varieties over finite fields. The construction, which is…
In the study of discrete dynamical systems, we typically start with a function from a space into itself, and ask questions about the properties of sequences of iterates of the function. In this paper we reverse the direction of this study.…
We use the grid consisting of bits of 3^n to motivate the definition of 2-adic numbers. Specifically, we exhibit diagonal stripes in the bits of 3^(2^n), which turn out to be the first in an infinite sequence of such structures. Our…
Some aspects of analysis involving fields with absolute value functions are discussed, which includes the real or complex numbers with their standard absolute values, as well as ultrametric situations like the p-adic numbers.
The $3x+1$ map $T$ is defined on the $2$-adic integers $\mathbb{Z}_2$ by $T(x)=x/2$ for even $x$ and $T(x)=(3x+1)/2$ for odd $x$. It is still unproved that under iteration of $T$ the trajectory of any rational $2$-adic integer is eventually…
The following article summarizes research where theorems and their respective demonstrations are postulated based on quadratic equations with special properties given by the Pythagorean triplets and the Fibonacci sequence given the second…