Related papers: Probability Measures and Effective Randomness
In this paper, the defining properties of a valid measure of the dependence between two random variables are reviewed and complemented with two original ones, shown to be more fundamental than other usual postulates. While other popular…
In this work, we investigate the incompatibility of random quantum measurements. Most previous work has focused on characterizing the maximal amount of white noise that any fixed number of incompatible measurements with a fixed number of…
A construction of product measures is given for an arbitrary sequence of measure spaces via outer measure techniques without imposing any condition on the underlying measure spaces. This result generalises the ones given up to date.
A circle, centered at the origin and with radius chosen so that it has non-empty intersection with the integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}^{2}$, gives rise to a probability measure on the unit circle in a natural way. Such measures, and their weak…
We consider homogeneous random walks in the quarter-plane. The necessary conditions which characterize random walks of which the invariant measure is a sum of geometric terms are provided in [2,3]. Based on these results, we first develop…
We consider the product of infinitely many copies of a spin-$1\over 2$ system. We construct projection operators on the corresponding nonseparable Hilbert space which measure whether the outcome of an infinite sequence of $\sigma^x$…
Given a random sample from a random variable $T$ which is bounded from above, $T\le\tau$ a.s., we define processes that are positive supermartingales if $E(T)\ge\mu$. Such processes are called test martingales. Tests of the supermartingale…
We are interested in the problem of robust parametric estimation of a density from $n$ i.i.d. observations. By using a practice-oriented procedure based on robust tests, we build an estimator for which we establish non-asymptotic risk…
We define a notion of randomness for individual and collections of formal languages based on automatic martingales acting on sequences of words from some underlying domain. An automatic martingale bets if the incoming word belongs to the…
It is well-known that a quantum measurement can enhance the transition probability between two quantum states. Such a measurement operates after preparation of the initial state and before postselecting for the final state. Here we analyze…
We consider a sequence of identically independently distributed random samples from an absolutely continuous probability measure in one dimension with unbounded density. We establish a new rate of convergence of the $\infty-$Wasserstein…
This article presents methods for estimating extreme probabilities, beyond the range of the observations. These methods are model-free and applicable to almost any sample size. They are grounded in order statistics theory and have a wide…
Can a probabilistic gambler get arbitrarily rich when all deterministic gamblers fail? We study this problem in the context of algorithmic randomness, introducing a new notion -- almost everywhere computable randomness. A binary sequence…
Suppose that we are given an infinite binary sequence which is random for a Bernoulli measure of parameter $p$. By the law of large numbers, the frequency of zeros in the sequence tends to~$p$, and thus we can get better and better…
Suppose that $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ are two $*$-free (generally unbounded) random variables with Brown measures $\mu_{X_{1}}$ and $\mu_{X_{2}}$, respectively. Using properties of classical free additive convolutions, we develop a method for…
Based on the general thought that mechanics cannot be absolutely exact, supported by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on the reversal of time in spin systems, we postulate existence of a probability which do not follow…
An important question for a probabilistic program is whether the probability mass of all its diverging runs is zero, that is that it terminates "almost surely". Proving that can be hard, and this paper presents a new method for doing so; it…
We show that for any countable group $ G $ equipped with a probability measure $ \mu $, there exists a randomized stopping time $ \tau $ such that $ (G, \mu _{\tau} )$ admits a strictly larger space of bounded harmonic functions than $…
We consider a Branching Random Walk on $\R$ whose step size decreases by a fixed factor, $0<b<1$, with each turn. This process generates a random probability measure on $\R$, that is, the limit of uniform distribution among the $2^n$…
A general theory of resource-bounded measurability and measure is developed. Starting from any feasible probability measure $\nu$ on the Cantor space $\C$ and any suitable complexity class $C \subseteq \C$, the theory identifies the subsets…