Related papers: Why the Standard Model
N=1, D=4 Superstring possessing $SO(6)\otimes SO(5)$ symmetry action and with the same gauge symmetry obtained from zero mass spectrum of vector meson as well, is constructed from the bosonic string in twenty six dimensions. Without…
We propose an $E_8 \otimes E_8$ unification of the standard model with pre-gravitation, on an exceptional Lie algebra-valued space. Each of the $E_8$ has in its branching an $SU(3)$ for space-time and an $SU(3)$ for three fermion…
The Standard Model (SM) is a chiral theory, where right- and left-handed fermion fields transform differently under the gauge group. Extra fermions, if they do exist, need to be heavy otherwise they would have already been observed. With no…
Introducing, in the underlying gauge theory of the Standard Model, the frame vectors in internal space as field variables (framons), in addition to the usual gauge boson and matter fermions fields, one obtains: * the standard Higgs scalar…
We conjecture how the particle content of the standard model can emerge starting with a supersymmetric Wess-Zumino model in 1+1 dimensions (d = 2) with three real boson and fermion fields. Considering SU(3) transformations, the lagrangian…
I present an argument, based on the topology of the universe, why there are three generations of fermions. The argument implies a preferred gauge group of SU(5), but with SO(10) representations of the fermions. The breaking pattern SU(5) to…
This article explores possible embeddings of the Standard Model gauge group and its matter representations into F-theory. To this end we construct elliptic fibrations with gauge group SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)xU(1) as suitable restrictions of a…
Following up on our earlier work where we showed how to amend a scheme originally proposed by M. Gell-Mann to identify the 48 spin 1/2 fermions of N=8 supergravity that remain after complete breaking of N=8 supersymmetry with the 3x16…
We carry a systematic study of possible extensions of the standard model based on the gauge group SU(3)_c X SU(4)_L X U(1)_X. We consider both models with particles with exotic electric charges and models which do not contain exotic…
Gauge theory underpins the quantum field theories of the standard model, and in a previous paper was shown via a geometric approach to describe classical electromagnetism in a form which approximates QED. Here we formalize and generalize…
We present an effective unified theory based on noncommutative geometry for the standard model with neutrino mixing, minimally coupled to gravity. The unification is based on the symplectic unitary group in Hilbert space and on the spectral…
We present a noncommutative gauge theory that has the ordinary Standard Model as its low-energy limit. The model is based on the gauge group U(4) x U(3) x U(2) and is constructed to satisfy the key requirements imposed by noncommutativity:…
We develop a generic spacetime model in General Relativity which can be used to build any gravitational model within General Relativity. The generic model uses two types of assumptions: (a) Geometric assumptions additional to the inherent…
Many homogeneous, four-dimensional space-time geometries can be considered within real projective geometry, which yields a mathematically well-defined framework for their deformations and limits without the appearance of singularities.…
A geometric approach to the standard model in terms of the Clifford algebra Cl_7 is advanced. A key feature of the model is its use of an algebraic spinor for one generation of leptons and quarks. Spinor transformations separate into…
Standard Model may be defined with the additional discrete symmetry, i.e. with the gauge group $SU(3)\times SU(2) \times U(1)/{\cal Z}$ (${\cal Z} = Z_6$, $Z_3$ or $Z_2$) instead of the usual $SU(3)\times SU(2) \times U(1)$. It has the same…
To be compatible with general relativity, every fundamental theory should be invariant under general coordinate transformations including spatial reflection. This paper describes an extension of the standard model in which the action is…
I discuss in detail the construction of realistic superstring standard--like models in the four dimensional free fermionic formulation. The analysis results in a restricted class of models with unique characteristics: (i) Three and only…
In third quantization the origin of fermion families is easy to understand: the electron field, the muon field and the tau field are identical fields in precisely the same sense as three electrons are identical and undistinguishable…
Previous studies have shown how the three generations of the Standard Model fermions can arise from a single generation in more than four dimensions, and how off-diagonal neutral couplings arise for gauge-boson Kaluza-Klein recurrences.…