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Building upon previous works, it is shown that two minimal left ideals of the complex Clifford algebra $\mathbb{C}\ell(6)$ and two minimal right ideals of $\mathbb{C}\ell(4)$ transform as one generation of leptons and quarks under the gauge…

General Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Niels G. Gresnigt

The Standard Model of particle physics describes electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, which are three of the four known fundamental forces of nature. The unification of the fourth interaction, gravity, with the Standard Model has…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-07 Mikko Partanen , Jukka Tulkki

A geometric approach to the standard model in terms of the Clifford algebra Cl_7 is advanced. A key feature of the model is its use of an algebraic spinor for one generation of leptons and quarks. Spinor transformations separate into…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Greg Trayling , W. E. Baylis

This work considers the remarkable suggestion that the three families of quarks and leptons may be unified, together with the Higgs and gauge fields of the Standard Model (SM), into a single "particle", namely the $\textbf{248}$ vector…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-10-12 Alfredo Aranda , Francisco J. de Anda , Stephen F. King

The perspective that gravity may govern the unification of all elementary forces calls for extending the gauge-gravity symmetry $SL(2,C)$ to the broader local symmetry $SL(2N,C)$, where $N$ reflects the internal $SU(N)$ subgroup. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-01 J. L. Chkareuli

We propose a graviGUT unification scheme based on the simple orthogonal group $\mathrm{SO}(1,9 ,\mathbb{C})$ that resolves the chiral duplication of weak isospin in Pati--Salam models. In the conventional $SU(4)\times SU(2)_+\times SU(2)_-$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-14 Stephon Alexander , Bruno Alexandre , Michael Fine , João Magueijo , Edžus Nākums

The algebraic elements of gravitational and Standard Model gauge fields acting on a generation of fermions may be represented using real matrices. These elements match a subalgebra of spin(11,3) acting on a Majorana-Weyl spinor, consistent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-06-28 A. Garrett Lisi

There are many ways to embed the Lie groups of the Standard Model of Particle Physics in a Lie group of type $E_8$, but so far there is no convincing demonstration that the finite symmetries (and asymmetries) of weak hypercharge, three…

General Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Robert A. Wilson

A model of Yang-Mills interactions and gravity in terms of the Clifford algebra Cl(0,6) is presented. The gravity and Yang-Mills actions are formulated as different order terms in a generalized action. The feebleness of gravity as well as…

General Physics · Physics 2011-03-17 Wei Lu

We propose a simple model of family unification, which is a six dimensional $SO(20)$ gauge theory with a single fermion in the spinorial representation. After compactification to five dimensions, our model gives a five dimensional model…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-07 Nobuhito Maru , Ryujiro Nago

We investigate models where gauge unification (GUT) proceeds in steps that include Pati-Salam symmetry. Beyond the Standard Model, we allow for a well-defined set of small representations of the GUT gauge group. We show that all possible…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-18 Florian Hartmann , Wolfgang Kilian , Karsten Schnitter

We give a brief overview how to couple general relativity to the Standard Model of elementary particles, within the higher gauge theory framework, suitable for the spinfoam quantization procedure. We begin by providing a short review of all…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-16 Tijana Radenkovic , Marko Vojinovic

The coupled Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell equations are considered for a static, spherically symmetric system of two fermions in a singlet spinor state. Stable soliton-like solutions are shown to exist, and we discuss the regularizing effect of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Felix Finster , Joel Smoller , Shing-Tung Yau

A geometric approach to the standard model in terms of the Clifford algebra $% C\ell_{7}$ is advanced. The gauge symmetries and charge assignments of the fundamental fermions are seen to arise from a simple geometric model involving extra…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Greg Trayling

The spinors of the group Spin($N$) of rotations in $N$ spacetime dimensions are indexed by a bitcode with [$N$/2] bits. A well-known promising grand unified group that contains the standard-model group is Spin(10). Fermions in the standard…

General Physics · Physics 2023-08-25 Andrew J. S. Hamilton

The Standard Model may be included within a supersymmetric theory, postulating new sparticles that differ by half-a-unit of spin from their standard model partners, and by a new quantum number called R-parity. The lightest one, usually a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-10-12 Pierre Fayet

Unification ideas suggest an integral treatment of fermion and boson spin and gauge-group degrees of freedom. Hence, a generalized quantum field equation, based on Dirac's, is proposed and investigated which contains gauge and flavor…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Besprosvany

A simple geometric algebra is shown to contain automatically the leptons and quarks of a family of the Standard Model, and the electroweak and color gauge symmetries, without predicting extra particles and symmetries. The algebra is already…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-10 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

We study the low energy evolution of coupling constants of the standard model and show that gauge coupling unification can be achieved at the electroweak scale with a suitable normalization. We choose the grand unification group to be the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-01-30 E. K. Loginov

We present a holomorphic framework in which gravity, gauge interactions, and their couplings to charges and currents emerge from a single geometric action on a four-complex-dimensional manifold. The Hermitian metric yields on the real slice…

General Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 John. W. Moffat , Ethan. J. Thompson