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Multi-controlled Toffoli gates are fundamental building blocks in quantum computation, with applications in quantum arithmetic, simulation, and search algorithms. In fault-tolerant architectures, their realization is constrained by the high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Abhoy Kole , Majd Assaad , Till Schnittka , Rolf Drechsler

We propose an effective realization of the universal set of elementary quantum gates in solid state quantum computer based on macroscopic (or mesoscopic) resonance systems - multi-atomic coherent ensembles, squids or quantum dots in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-11 F. M. Ablayev , S. N. Andrianov , S. A. Moiseev , A. V. Vasiliev

Quantum computers require quantum processors. An important part of the processor of any computer is the arithmetic unit, which performs binary addition, subtraction, division and multiplication, however multiplication can be performed using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Rasha Montaser , Ahmed Younes , Mahmoud Abdel-Aty

The development of quantum codes with good error correction parameters and useful sets of transversal gates is a problem of major interest in quantum error-correction. Abundant prior works have studied transversal gates which are restricted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Zhiyang He , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Adam Wills , Rachel Yun Zhang

We propose a scheme to achieve quantum computation with neutral atoms whose interactions are catalyzed by single photons. Conditional quantum gates, including an $N$-atom Toffoli gate and nonlocal gates on remote atoms, are obtained through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 L. -M. Duan , B. Wang , H. J. Kimble

Reversible or information-lossless circuits have applications in digital signal processing, communication, computer graphics and cryptography. They are also a fundamental requirement in the emerging field of quantum computation. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vivek V. Shende , Aditya K. Prasad , Igor L. Markov , John P. Hayes

Reversible algorithms play a crucial role both in classical and quantum computation. While for a classical bit the only nontrivial reversible operation is the bit-flip, nature is far more versatile in what it allows to do to a quantum bit.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-14 Anandamay Das Bhowmik , Preeti Parashar

Efficient arithmetic operations are a prerequisite for practical quantum computing. Optimization efforts focus on two primary metrics: Quantum Cost (QC), determined by the number of non-linear gates, and Logical Depth, which defines the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-17 G. Papakonstantinou

The real stabilizer fragment of quantum mechanics was shown to have a complete axiomatization in terms of the angle-free fragment of the ZX-calculus. This fragment of the ZX-calculus---although abstractly elegant---is stated in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Cole Comfort

A historical review is given of the emergence of the idea of the quantum logic gate from the theory of reversible Boolean gates. I highlight the quantum XOR or controlled NOT as the fundamental two-bit gate for quantum computation. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 David P. DiVincenzo

It is well known that most of the frequently used reversible logic gates (e.g., NOT, CNOT, SWAP, Toffoli, Fredkin) are self-inverse and are represented by square matrices that are unitary and Hermitian. However, with a simple minded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-21 Anirban Pathak

We study the achievements of quantum circuits comprised of several one- and two-qubit gates. Quantum process matrices are determined for the basic one- and two-qubit gate operations and concatenated to yield the process matrix of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-11 J. Gulliksen , D. D. Bhaktavatsala Rao , K. Mølmer

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a normal form of one qubit quantum circuits over the basis $\{H, P, T\}$, where $H$, $P$ and $T$ denote the Hadamard, Phase and $\pi/8$ gates, respectively. This basis is known as the {\it standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-25 Ken Matsumoto , Kazuyuki Amano

In this thesis, we study concepts in quantum computing using graphical languages, specifically using the ZX-calculus. The core of the research revolves around (graphical) stabilizer decompositions. The first major focus is on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Yves Vollmeier

In quantum computation every unitary operation can be decomposed into quantum circuits-a series of single-qubit rotations and a single type entangling two-qubit gates, such as controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. Two measures are important when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 Martin Plesch , Časlav Brukner

Prevailing proposals for the first generation of quantum computers make use of 2-level systems, or qubits, as the fundamental unit of quantum information. However, recent innovations in quantum error correction and magic state distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Luke E. Heyfron , Earl Campbell

We propose an experimentally feasible scheme to achieve quantum computation based on nonadiabatic geometric phase shifts, in which a cyclic geometric phase is used to realize a set of universal quantum gates. Physical implementation of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Shi-Liang Zhu , Z. D. Wang

Two different algorithms are presented for generating a quantum circuit realization of a matrix representing a permutation on $2^n$ letters. All circuits involve $n$ qubits and only use multi--controlled Toffoli gates. The first algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Jason Hanson

Optimal implementation of quantum gates is crucial for designing a quantum computer. We consider the matrix representation of an arbitrary multiqubit gate. By ordering the basis vectors using the Gray code, we construct the quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juha J. Vartiainen , Mikko Mottonen , Martti M. Salomaa

We extend the topological quantum computation scheme using the Pfaffian quantum Hall state, which has been recently proposed by Das Sarma et al., in a way that might potentially allow for the topologically protected construction of a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lachezar S. Georgiev