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Large language models have evolved to process multiple modalities beyond text, such as images and audio, which motivates us to explore how to effectively leverage them for graph reasoning tasks. The key question, therefore, is how to…

Deterministic 2-head finite automata which are machines that process an input word from both ends are analyzed for their ability to perform reversible computations. This implies that the automata are backward deterministic, enabling unique…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Benedek Nagy , Walaa Yasin

This paper considers finite-automata based algorithms for handling linear arithmetic with both real and integer variables. Previous work has shown that this theory can be dealt with by using finite automata on infinite words, but this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Bernard Boigelot , Sebastien Jodogne , Pierre Wolper

We study finite automata running over infinite binary trees. A run of such an automaton is usually said to be accepting if all its branches are accepting. In this article, we relax the notion of accepting run by allowing a certain quantity…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-15 Arnaud Carayol , Axel Haddad , Olivier Serre

Finite-turn pushdown automata (PDA) are investigated concerning their descriptional complexity. It is known that they accept exactly the class of ultralinear context-free languages. Furthermore, the increase in size when converting…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-08 Andreas Malcher , Giovanni Pighizzini

Many methods for the verification of complex computer systems require the existence of a tractable mathematical abstraction of the system, often in the form of an automaton. In reality, however, such a model is hard to come up with, in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Stefan Zetzsche

B\"uchi Automata on infinite words present many interesting problems and are used frequently in program verification and model checking. A lot of these problems on B\"uchi automata are computationally hard, raising the question if a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Christophe Stammet , Prisca Dotti , Ulrich Ultes-Nitsche , Andreas Fischer

We develop a purely set-theoretic formalism for binary trees and binary graphs. We define a category of binary automata, and display it as a fibred category over the category of binary graphs. We also relate the notion of binary graphs to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 N. Raghavendra

Series-parallel (SP) graphs are binary edge-labeled graphs with a designated source and target vertex, built using serial and parallel composition. A set of graphs is recognizable if membership depends only on its image under a homomorphism…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Marius Bozga , Radu Iosif , Florian Zuleger

We investigate commutative images of languages recognised by register automata and grammars. Semi-linear and rational sets can be naturally extended to this setting by allowing for orbit-finite unions instead of only finite ones. We prove…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Piotr Hofman , Marta Juzepczuk , Sławomir Lasota , Mohnish Pattathurajan

The vertices of a finite state system are usually a subset of the natural numbers. Most algorithms relative to these systems only use this fact to select vertices. For infinite state systems, however, the situation is different: in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-18 Christophe Morvan

We present an Angluin-style algorithm to learn nominal automata, which are acceptors of languages over infinite (structured) alphabets. The abstract approach we take allows us to seamlessly extend known variations of the algorithm to this…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Joshua Moerman , Matteo Sammartino , Alexandra Silva , Bartek Klin , Michał Szynwelski

We define a class of languages of infinite words over infinite alphabets, and the corresponding automata. The automata used for recognition are a generalisation of deterministic Muller automata to the setting of nominal sets. Remarkably,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-16 Vincenzo Ciancia , Matteo Sammartino

Regular languages -- the languages accepted by deterministic finite automata -- are known to be precisely the languages recognized by finite monoids. This characterization is the origin of algebraic language theory. In this paper, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Fabian Lenke , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat , Thorsten Wißmann

Combining ideas from distributed algorithms and alternating automata, we introduce a new class of finite graph automata that recognize precisely the languages of finite graphs definable in monadic second-order logic. By restricting…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Fabian Reiter

Jumping automata are finite automata that read their input in a non-consecutive manner, disregarding the order of the letters in the word. We introduce and study jumping automata over infinite words. Unlike the setting of finite words,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Shaull Almagor , Omer Yizhaq

We introduce session automata, an automata model to process data words, i.e., words over an infinite alphabet. Session automata support the notion of fresh data values, which are well suited for modeling protocols in which sessions using…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Benedikt Bollig , Peter Habermehl , Martin Leucker , Benjamin Monmege

Once the set of finite graphs is equipped with an algebra structure (arising from the definition of operations that generalize the concatenation of words), one can define the notion of a recognizable set of graphs in terms of finite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Bruno Courcelle , Pascal Weil

We have designed a new logic programming language called LM (Linear Meld) for programming graph-based algorithms in a declarative fashion. Our language is based on linear logic, an expressive logical system where logical facts can be…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Flavio Cruz , Ricardo Rocha , Seth Copen Goldstein , Frank Pfenning

Understanding and interacting with everyday physical scenes requires rich knowledge about the structure of the world, represented either implicitly in a value or policy function, or explicitly in a transition model. Here we introduce a new…