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Related papers: Achronal averaged null energy condition

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I prove that general relativity admits no asymptotically well-behaved static spherically symmetric traversable wormholes supported by classical scalar fields and nonexotic matter. The theorem holds for all values of the scalar field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 Luke M. Butcher

In general relativity, the energy conditions are invoked to restrict general energy-momentum tensors $T_{\mu\nu}$ in different frameworks, and to derive general results that hold in a variety of general contexts on physical grounds. We show…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Santos , J. S. Alcaniz , N. Pires , M. J. Reboucas

General quantum gravity arguments predict that Lorentz symmetry might not hold exactly in nature. This has motivated much interest in Lorentz breaking gravity theories recently. Among such models are vector-tensor theories with preferred…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-12 Metin Gurses , Cetin Senturk

As Einstein's gravity is a non-renormalizable theory, it can be a good description of physics only at the scales of energy or spacetime curvature below the Planck mass. Moreover, it requires the presence of an infinite tower of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-22 Ziyue Zhu , Alexey S. Koshelev , Yang Liu , Anna Tokareva

We analyze the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor and its fluctuations in quantum field theory on curved spacetimes $\langle T_{ab} \rangle$. A generally accepeted condition for the conceptual consistency of semiclassical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-22 Alejandro Perez , Daniel Sudarsky

Energy conditions are crucial for understanding why exotic phenomena such as traversable wormholes and closed timelike curves remain elusive. In this paper, we prove the Double Smeared Null Energy Condition (DSNEC) for the fermionic free…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-03 Duarte Fragoso , Lihan Guo

In quadratic gravity, the junction conditions are six and permit the appearance of double layer thin shells. Double layers arise typically in theories with dipoles, i.e., two opposite charges, such as electromagnetic theories, and appear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-12 Joao Luís Rosa , Rui André , José P. S. Lemos

Primordial null energy condition (NEC) violation would imprint a blue-tilted spectrum on gravitational wave background (GWB). However, its implications on the GWB might be far richer than expected. We present a scenario, in which after a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-28 Yong Cai , Yun-Song Piao

Motivated by the goal of applying the average null energy condition (ANEC) to renormalisation group flows, we calculate in $\lambda \phi^4$ theory the expectation value of the ANEC operator in a particular scalar state perturbatively up to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-11-12 Teresa Bautista , Lorenzo Casarin , Hadi Godazgar

In spherical symmetry, solutions of the semiclassical Einstein equations belong to one of two possible classes. Both classes contain solutions that -- depending on the dynamic behavior of the horizon -- describe evaporating physical black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-10 Pravin K. Dahal , Sebastian Murk , Daniel R. Terno

Null energy condition plays a crucial role in holographic renormalization group flow, leading to the holographic c-theorem. Unfortunately, the null energy condition is quantum mechanically violated. Even the averaged version can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Yu Nakayama

Starting with a static, spherically symmetric spacetime incorporating critical (unstable) closed null geodesics, a family of models for equilibrium states of non-isolated compact objects is obtained by solving the Einstein equations for an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-01-31 Z. Pazameta

Recently a bound on negative energy densities in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime was derived for a minimally coupled, quantized, massless, scalar field in an arbitrary quantum state. The bound has the form of an uncertainty…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 L. H. Ford , Thomas A. Roman

Of the various energy conditions which can be assumed when studying mathematical general relativity, intuitively the simplest is the weak energy condition $\mu\geq 0$ which simply states that the observed mass-energy density must be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-14 Jaroslaw S. Jaracz

The energy conditions play an important role in the understanding of several properties of the Universe, including the current accelerating expansion phase and the possible existence of the so-called phantom fields. We show that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 M. P. Lima , S. Vitenti , M. J. Reboucas

We show that the violation of the null energy condition by matter, required by traversable wormholes, can be removed in spacetimes with torsion. In addition, we show that this violation can also be removed in the conformal frame obtained by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-14 Fayçal Hammad , Étienne Massé , Patrick Labelle

We argue that ``effective'' superluminal travel, potentially caused by the tipping over of light cones in Einstein gravity, is always associated with violations of the null energy condition (NEC). This is most easily seen by working…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-20 Matt Visser , Bruce Bassett , Stefano Liberati

Dynamical black holes have an apparent horizon as one of their characteristics. The later might be null, time-like, or space-like surfaces that define the evolution of a black hole. Our study examines how an apparent horizon's behavior is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-30 Vitalii Vertogradov

A traversable wormhole generally violates the averaged null energy condition, usually requiring exotic matter. Recently, it has been found that the traversable wormhole can be realized by non-exotic matter in Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell theories…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-06 Hua-Chao Liu , Rong-Xin Miao

We investigate whether the null energy, averaged over some region of spacetime, is bounded below in QFT. First, we use light-sheet quantization to prove a version of the "Smeared Null Energy Condition" (SNEC) proposed in [1], applicable for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-16 Jackson R. Fliss , Ben Freivogel