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Quantum geometrodynamics is canonical quantum gravity with the three-metric as the configuration variable. Its central equation is the Wheeler--DeWitt equation. Here I give an overview of the status of this approach. The issues discussed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-17 Claus Kiefer

We explore the problem of time in quantum gravity in a point-particle analogue model of scale-invariant gravity. If quantized after reduction to true degrees of freedom, it leads to a time-independent Schr\"odinger equation. As with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-16 Julian Barbour , Matteo Lostaglio , Flavio Mercati

The problem of time in the quantization of gravity arises from the fact that time in Schroedinger's equation is a parameter. This sets time apart from the spatial coordinates, represented by operators in quantum mechanics (QM). Thus "time"…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-05-06 M. Bauer

The perspective is advanced that the time parameter in quantum mechanics corresponds to the time coordinate in a Minkowski flat spacetime local approximation to the actual dynamical curved spacetime of General Relativity, rather than to an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-27 Mariano Bauer , Cesar Augusto Aguillon , Gustavo Garcia

The standard Wheeler-DeWitt approach to Quantum Cosmology leads to the problematic freeze of time. The reason is the enforcement of time re-parametrization invariance via the lapse function that is treated at least partially as an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-03 David Vasak

The time-of-arrival problem asks for the probability distribution for when a quantum particle reaches a specified location. It has been the subject of decades of debate, exemplifying the lack of a self-adjoint time observable in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Niyusha Hosseini , Maximilian P. E. Lock

The absence of unique time evolution in Einstein's spacetime description of gravity leads to the hitherto unresolved `problem of time' in quantum gravity. Shape Dynamics is an objectively equivalent representation of gravity that trades…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Julian Barbour , Tim Koslowski , Flavio Mercati

This article contains a local solution to the notorious Problem of Time in Quantum Gravity at the conceptual level and which is actually realizable for the relational triangle. The Problem of Time is that `time' in GR and `time' in ordinary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-19 Edward Anderson

We give an introduction into quantum cosmology with emphasis on its conceptual parts. After a general motivation we review the formalism of canonical quantum gravity on which discussions of quantum cosmology are usually based. We then…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-23 Claus Kiefer , Barbara Sandhoefer

Entertaining the possibility of time travel will invariably challenge dearly held concepts of fundamental physics. It becomes relatively easy to construct multiple logical contradictions using differing starting points from various…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-28 Ana Alonso-Serrano , Sebastian Schuster , Matt Visser

In this paper I raise a worry about the most extended resolutions of the problem of time of canonical quantizations of general relativity. The reason for this is that these resolutions are based on analogies with deparametrizable models for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-26 Alvaro Mozota Frauca

The wave-function in quantum gravity is supposed to obey the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation, however there is neither a satisfactory probability interpretation nor a successful solution to the problem of time in the WDW framework. To gain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-22 Ali Kaya

Time plays different roles in quantum mechanics and gravity. These roles are examined and the problems that the conflict in the roles presents for quantum gravity are briefly summarised.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 W. G. Unruh

We describe a link between the cosmological constant problem and the problem of time in quantum gravity. This arises by examining the relationship between the cosmological constant and vacuum energy in light of non-perturbative formulations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-03-12 Viqar Husain

Time in quantum gravity is not a well-defined notion, despite its central role in the very definition of dynamics. Using the formalism of quantum geometrodynamics, we shortly review the problem and illustrate it with two proposed solutions.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-12 Claus Kiefer , Patrick Peter

The cosmological constant problem is principally concerned with trying to understand how the zero-point energy of quantum fields contributes to gravity. Here we take the approach that by addressing a fundamental unresolved issue in quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-30 T. P. Singh

We argue that in classical and quantum theories of gravity the configuration space and Hilbert space may not be constructible through any finite procedure. If this is the case then the "problem of time" in quantum cosmology may be a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Stuart Kauffman , Lee Smolin

It is well known that in quantum gravity, the very geometry of space and time is subject to continual fluctuation. The mathematical formulation for this old theory is still lacking. This article formulates this more than forty-year-old…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-27 Behzad Tajahmad

The central equation of quantum gravity is the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. We give an argument suggesting that exact solutions of this equation give a surface in the space of coupling constants. This provides a mechanism for determining the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-02 Viqar Husain , Suprit Singh

We revisit the issue of time in quantum geometrodynamics and suggest a quantization procedure on the space of true dynamic variables. This procedure separates the issue of quantization from enforcing the constraints caused by the general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-21 Warner A. Miller , Arkady Kheyfets