Related papers: Experimental local realism tests without fair samp…
In Bayesian classification, it is important to establish a probabilistic model for each class for likelihood estimation. Most of the previous methods modeled the probability distribution in the whole sample space. However, real-world…
We present a source of entangled photons that violates a Bell inequality free of the "fair-sampling" assumption, by over 7 standard deviations. This violation is the first experiment with photons to close the detection loophole, and we…
Randomized experiments are the preferred approach for evaluating the effects of interventions, but they are costly and often yield estimates with substantial uncertainty. On the other hand, in silico experiments leveraging foundation models…
Fundamental principle of classical physics -- local realism, means that freely chosen observations can be explained by a local (slower than light) real process. It is apparently violated in quantum mechanics as shown by Bell theorem.…
Two-sample testing is a fundamental problem in statistics. Despite its long history, there has been renewed interest in this problem with the advent of high-dimensional and complex data. Specifically, in the machine learning literature,…
We introduce local conditional hypotheses that express how the relation between explanatory variables and outcomes changes across different contexts, described by covariates. By expanding upon the model-X knockoff filter, we show how to…
Nowadays, the numerical models of real-world structures are more precise, more complex and, of course, more time-consuming. Despite the growth of a computational effort, the exploration of model behaviour remains a complex task. The…
Generalising the concept of Bell nonlocality to networks leads to novel forms of correlations, the characterization of which is however challenging. Here we investigate constraints on correlations in networks under the two natural…
We assess the quality of a source of allegedly pure two-qubit states using both standard tomography and methods inspired by device-independent self-testing. Even when the detection and locality loopholes are open, the latter methods can…
According to Bell's theorem, local realism is incompatible with quantum theory. However, it depends on an implied assumption about quantum measurement. We suggest that the assumption might be removed by a detailed quantum analysis of the…
It is argued that recent experiments refuting nonlocal realism, can also be considered as experiments refuting time-ordered nonlocality and, hence, confirming the result of the before-before experiment. However, the before-before experiment…
This paper focuses on a data-rich environment where the data set has a very large cross-sectional dimension, is likely to exhibit local dependence, and yet is hard to determine the dependence ordering. Such a situation arises, for example,…
A family of local models containing two angles as hidden variables is defined for experiments measuring polarization correlation of optical photons. Searching for the best model of the family, that is giving predictions most close to…
In this letter we propose a set of conditions on the joint probabilities as a test of genuine multipartite nonlocality without inequality. Our test is failed by all non-signaling local models in which even nonlocal correlations among some…
Lately, much interest has been directed towards designing setups that achieve decisive tests of local realism. Here we present Bell tests with measurements based on linear optical displacements and single-photon detection. The scheme…
Algorithmic decision systems are increasingly used in areas such as hiring, school admission, or loan approval. Typically, these systems rely on labeled data for training a classification model. However, in many scenarios, ground-truth…
We analyze the class of nonlocal realistic theories that was originally considered by Leggett [Found. Phys. 33, 1469 (2003)] and tested by us in a recent experiment [Nature (London) 446, 871 (2007)]. We derive an incompatibility theorem…
We initiate the study of differentially private hypothesis testing in the local-model, under both the standard (symmetric) randomized-response mechanism (Warner, 1965, Kasiviswanathan et al, 2008) and the newer (non-symmetric) mechanisms…
When permutation methods are used in practice, often a limited number of random permutations are used to decrease the computational burden. However, most theoretical literature assumes that the whole permutation group is used, and methods…
Standard tests of the "no-treatment-effect" hypothesis for a comparative experiment include permutation tests, the Wilcoxon rank sum test, two-sample $t$ tests, and Fisher-type randomization tests. Practitioners are aware that these…