Related papers: Experimental local realism tests without fair samp…
Bell inequalities applicable to non-ideal EPRB experiments are critical to the interpretation of experimental Bell tests. In this article it is shown that previous treatments of this subject are incorrect due to an implicit assumption and…
Local realism is in conflict with special quantum Bell-type models. Recently, several experiments have demonstrated violation of local realism if we trust their setup assuming special relativity valid. In this paper we question the…
Hypothesis testing in high dimensional data is a notoriously difficult problem without direct access to competing models' likelihood functions. This paper argues that statistical divergences can be used to quantify the difference between…
Quantum theory allows for nonlocality without entanglement. Notably, there exist bipartite quantum measurements consisting of only product eigenstates, yet they cannot be implemented via local quantum operations and classical communication.…
In various situations one is given only the predictions of multiple classifiers over a large unlabeled test data. This scenario raises the following questions: Without any labeled data and without any a-priori knowledge about the…
Recently a quite stimulating paper [1] dealing with the possibility of exploiting the nonlocal aspects of a superposition of states of a single photon appeared. We regard as greatly relevant the results which have been obtained. However we…
The issue of group fairness in machine learning models, where certain sub-populations or groups are favored over others, has been recognized for some time. While many mitigation strategies have been proposed in centralized learning, many of…
We discuss the problem of finding the most favorable conditions for closing the detection loophole in a test of local realism with a Bell inequality. For a generic non-maximally entangled two-qubit state and two alternative measurement…
Recently, it has been argued that no extension of quantum theory can have improved predictive power under a strong assumption of free choice of the experimental settings and validity of quantum mechanics. Here, under a different free choice…
We consider linear structural equation models that are associated with mixed graphs. The structural equations in these models only involve observed variables, but their idiosyncratic error terms are allowed to be correlated and…
It is shown that the before-before (or Suarez-Scarani) experiment refutes hidden variable models with a deterministic ("realistic") nonlocal part, and the experimental violation of Leggett-type inequalities models with a random nonlocal…
In this paper, we study the local constant and the local linear estimators of the conditional density function with right-censored data which exhibit some type of dependence. It is assumed that the observations form a stationary…
Analog and digital quantum simulators can efficiently simulate quantum many-body systems that appear in natural phenomena. However, experimental limitations of near-term devices still make it challenging to perform the entire process of…
We consider an empirical likelihood framework for inference for a statistical model based on an informative sampling design. Covariate information is incorporated both through the weights and the estimating equations. The estimator is based…
Instrumental variables are a popular study design for the estimation of treatment effects in the presence of unobserved confounders. In the canonical instrumental variables design, the instrument is a binary variable. In many settings,…
We consider the problem of whether a given decision model, working with structured data, has individual fairness. Following the work of Dwork, a model is individually biased (or unfair) if there is a pair of valid inputs which are close to…
Rejecting the null hypothesis in two-sample testing is a fundamental tool for scientific discovery. Yet, aside from concluding that two samples do not come from the same probability distribution, it is often of interest to characterize how…
We present some general considerations on possible experimental tests of Bell's locality in the neutral kaon system, and comment on the recent literature on the topic.
Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are used to model responses from exponential families with a combination of fixed and random effects. For variance components in GLMMs, we propose an approximate restricted likelihood ratio test that…
In this paper, we investigate local permutation tests for testing conditional independence between two random vectors $X$ and $Y$ given $Z$. The local permutation test determines the significance of a test statistic by locally shuffling…