Physics
Objectives: We captured a fine-grained dataset of organic socializing with socially meaningful group labels to fill a gap in the study of face-to-face interaction. Prior interaction data from conferences, classrooms, hospitals, and…
We analyze the effect of microscopic heterogeneity on the Lorenz curve of macroscopic observables. Lorenz curve of a response function being a cumulative and bounded quantity, is often a more stable function than the corresponding…
Weakly ionized plasmas can be found in the lower layers of the solar and stellar atmospheres and in structures such as prominences and spicules. A variety of density perturbations and bulk flows detected in these environments have been…
Standard EU energy system modelling approaches optimize for least-cost, leading to highly centralized systems, in conflict with political feasibility and physical security concerns. This paper incorporates decentralisation as a constraint…
Understanding pedestrian dynamics is critical for mitigating crowd-related risks and improving public safety. In this work, we propose a data-driven mesoscopic modeling framework that combines the kinetic theory of active particles with…
Identifying subgroups of respondents in psychometric data is traditionally addressed with Latent Class Analysis, which requires the number of classes to be specified a priori and can perform poorly when strong inter-item correlations…
Network psychometrics conceptualises psychological constructs as emergent properties of systems of interacting variables. Energy-based probabilistic models have gained popularity as models of these interactions, but their psychometric…
Although electric vehicles (EVs) are scaling rapidly, city-scale evidence on real-world operational energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from EVs remains limited. Using Shanghai as a case study, this study develops a bottom-up…
Multigraphs are graphs in which multiple links between pairs of nodes are allowed, whereas they are forbidden in simple graphs, the latter being widely used in network science. Simple graphs generated by the configuration model have served…
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets and other advances have led to renewed interest in magnetic mirrors for fusion energy. The non-Maxwellian nature of mirror plasmas necessitates kinetic modeling to predict, optimize and design…
The recent, super-exponential scaling of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents signals a broader, fundamental paradigm shift from machines primarily replacing the human hands (manual labor and mechanical processing) to machines…
We present an explicit multiscale algorithm for solving differential equations for problems with high-frequency modes that can be averaged over by separating and scaling the fast and slow dynamics within a single equation. We introduce a…
The artificial intelligence industry is not an isolated economic phenomenon; it is the current physical substrate for a broader, multi-billion-year process: the evolution of an abstract intelligence on Earth. As the scale of computation…
Why do we use nano-antennas for fusion? In three sentences: The present laser induced fusion plans use extreme mechanical shock compression to get one hotspot and then ignition. Still fusion burning spreads slower than expansion, and…
In the quest for more environmentally sustainable urban areas, the concept of the 15-minute city has been proposed to encourage active mobility, primarily through walking and cycling. An urban area is considered a ``15-minute city" if every…
We demonstrate that a symmetry of the local gyrokinetic model is broken when the safety factor q is almost (but not exactly) a rational number and magnetic shear is $\hat{s} \approx 0$. Tokamaks with such a q profile will spontaneously…
We reconsider the footprints of radiation friction in a head-on collision of a bunch of relativistic charged particles with a laser pulse by demonstrating that forward and backward radiation and radiation friction are coherently enhanced in…
Climate change poses an existential threat, necessitating effective climate policies to enact impactful change. Decisions in this domain are incredibly complex, involving conflicting entities and evidence. In the last decades, policymakers…
The 15-minute city concept, which advocates for cities where essential services are accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride, has gained significant attention in recent years. However, despite being celebrated for promoting…
To well understand crowd behavior, microscopic models have been developed in recent decades, in which an individual's behavioral/psychological status can be modeled and simulated. A well-known model is the social-force model innovated by…