Physics
Weakly ionized plasmas can be found in the lower layers of the solar and stellar atmospheres and in structures such as prominences and spicules. A variety of density perturbations and bulk flows detected in these environments have been…
Objective: To perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of proton, helium-ion, and carbon-ion computed tomography (CT) as direct imaging modalities for hadron therapy treatment planning, focusing on Relative Stopping Power (RSP)…
Dark-field imaging based on grating interferometry is an emerging X-ray modality in medical imaging, which is particularly capable of providing complementary diagnostic information by visualizing the microstructural properties of lung…
Time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) detectors exhibiting multiple coincidence time resolution (CTR) components, such as those induced by the mixing of Cherenkov and scintillation photons, have attracted increasing…
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets and other advances have led to renewed interest in magnetic mirrors for fusion energy. The non-Maxwellian nature of mirror plasmas necessitates kinetic modeling to predict, optimize and design…
We present an explicit multiscale algorithm for solving differential equations for problems with high-frequency modes that can be averaged over by separating and scaling the fast and slow dynamics within a single equation. We introduce a…
Mechanical models of brain tissue are a beneficial tool to simulate neurosurgical interventions, disease progression, or brain development. However, the accuracy and predictive capacity of such a model relies on a precise experimental…
Why do we use nano-antennas for fusion? In three sentences: The present laser induced fusion plans use extreme mechanical shock compression to get one hotspot and then ignition. Still fusion burning spreads slower than expansion, and…
We demonstrate that a symmetry of the local gyrokinetic model is broken when the safety factor q is almost (but not exactly) a rational number and magnetic shear is $\hat{s} \approx 0$. Tokamaks with such a q profile will spontaneously…
We reconsider the footprints of radiation friction in a head-on collision of a bunch of relativistic charged particles with a laser pulse by demonstrating that forward and backward radiation and radiation friction are coherently enhanced in…
We develop an analytical theory of coherent (scaled quadratically with the number of particles) radiation and coherent radiation friction in a head-on collision of a dense charged particle bunch with an intense laser pulse. We demonstrate…
A mechanism of resonant excitation of surface magnetoplasmons (SMPs) is proposed in the terahertz (THz) frequency range by {\emph{beating of two p-polarized lasers}}, obliquely incident at an angle $\theta$ on a graphene sheet deposited…
Pediatric patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) face limited MRI access due to RF-induced heating, and computational modeling is increasingly used to characterize this risk. The validity of these simulations, however,…
This work presents the compact experimental negative triangularity reactor (CENTAUR), a low overnight cost, high-field tokamak, breakeven reactor design, achieving a predicted total fusion power of 40MW and scientific energy gain of 1.3.…
X-ray computed tomography (CT) reveals the materials' internal structures non-destructively from a tilt series of projected images. Filtered back projection (FBP) is a widely-adopted reconstruction algorithm in CT owing to its small…
The idea of an energy cascade in the inertial range is often invoked in turbulent space plasmas to estimate the energy dissipation rate. Laws governing the behavior of third-order structure functions in the inertial range, so-called…
Building on recent progress in the understanding of particle transport in magnetized plasmas, we derive a scaling law for the formation of nonthermal spectral tails in mildly and strongly magnetized turbulent environments. We validate this…
This paper reports the achievement of an ELM-free H-mode regime with confinement improvement enabled by nitrogen (N2) seeding on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) with a full metal wall. Following N2 injection, large…
In this paper, our goal is to enable quantitative feedback on muscle fatigue during exercise to optimize exercise effectiveness while minimizing injury risk. We seek to capture fatigue by monitoring surface vibrations that muscle exertion…
The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics suite at ITER utilizes a front-end quasi-optical (QO) system whose design is fundamentally constrained by a field-stop concept. The field-stop defines the Gaussian beam variation throughout…