Physics
We evaluate the climate simulation capabilities of ArchesWeather and ArchesWeatherGen, two machine learning models originally trained for weather forecasting and evaluated up to a 10-day lead time. ArchesWeather is a deterministic model,…
The upper few meters of the ocean play a key role in air-sea exchanges of momentum and energy. Two important properties of this layer are the vertical shear of current velocity and the surface velocity. Vertical shear reflects momentum…
Asymptotic analysis provides powerful insights into physical systems by examining their behavior in limiting cases. This paper explores how extending this advanced methodology to high school physics education can deepen conceptual…
Tropical cyclone (TC) trajectories are governed by large-scale steering flows with sensitive dependence on initial conditions, raising the question of whether targeted perturbations can induce track deviations. We present a case study…
Observations from the RAPID array near 26.5$^\circ$N indicate a linear decline in the AMOC over the past two decades, linked to contrasting boundary changes: a weakening western boundary contribution partly compensated by strengthening at…
Over the past several decades, a large body of research has shown that undergraduate science students learn more and more equitably in active learning classrooms; however, the term "active learning" lacks definition and little research has…
Herein we propose a method to mimic natural processes for the creation of precipitation, in a safe, economically feasible manner anywhere in the world. We propose this is accomplishable via changing the target of the well established field…
Accurate and timely weather forecasts are critical for high-impact decisions in modern society. Machine-learning-based weather prediction is emerging as an alternative for producing initial conditions, forecasts, and even both in end-to-end…
The Hong--Ou--Mandel (HOM) effect is often introduced through a single benchmark: coincidence suppression for \(\ket{1}\otimes\ket{1}\) at a balanced beam splitter. We present a classroom-oriented instructional module that broadens this…
Antarctic sea ice has undergone unprecedented changes in recent years, raising questions about how this key geophysical system is responding to climate change. Decades of slow expansion were replaced by a precipitous decline in 2014-2017, a…
Understanding how fast atmospheric variability shapes slow climate variability and sensitivity remains a central challenge in Earth-system science. Recent advances in machine-learned (ML) atmospheric models have demonstrated remarkable…
Global ocean modeling is vital for climate science but struggles to balance computational efficiency with accuracy. Traditional numerical solvers are accurate but computationally expensive, while pure deep learning approaches, though fast,…
The Fractions Skill Score (FSS) is a widely used metric for assessing forecast skill, with applications ranging from precipitation to volcanic ash forecasts. By evaluating the fraction of grid squares exceeding a threshold in a…
Conservation laws are time-invariant properties that constrain many physical systems. For systems of chemical reactions, the law of mass conservation constrains how atoms flow between chemical species. Chemical reaction networks can display…
Understanding regional dynamical structures in the sea is fundamental to characterize energy transfer and transport properties, with implications in physical and biogeochemical modeling and characterization. In this work, we study the…
A rainbow is a captivating natural phenomenon resulting from the refraction, dispersion, and reflection of sunlight within water droplets. Traditional classroom demonstrations often focus on qualitative explanations of the formation of…
There is a growing urgency to track greenhouse gasses with the resolution, precision and accuracy needed to support independent verification of $CO_2$ fluxes at local to global scales. The current generation of space-based sensors, however,…
A growing number of introductory physics instructors are implementing active learning methods in their classrooms, and they are modifying the methods to fit their local instructional contexts. However, we lack a detailed framework for…
Considering turbulence is crucial to understanding clouds. However, covering all scales involved in the turbulent mixing of clouds with their environment is computationally challenging, urging the development of simpler models to represent…
Fine particulate matter(PM2.5) pollution in China is strongly modulated bymeteorological variability, yet its seasonal predictability from oceanic signals remains unclear. Here we identify the leading PM2.5 variability mode over China and…