Tissues and Organs
A mathematical model for time development of metastases and their distribution in size and carrying capacity is presented. The model is used to theoretically investigate anti-cancer therapies such as surgery and chemical treatments…
This paper utilizes compartmental analysis and a statistical optimization technique in order to reduce a compartmental model describing the metabolism of labelled glucose in liver. Specifically, we first design a compartmental model for the…
Many biological, geophysical and technological systems involve the transport of resource over a network. In this paper we present an algorithm for calculating the exact concentration of resource at any point in space or time, given that the…
Until recently many studies of bone remodeling at the cellular level have focused on the behavior of mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and their respective precursor cells, with the role of osteocytes and bone lining cells left largely…
During embryonic development tissue morphogenesis and signaling are tightly coupled. It is therefore important to simulate both tissue morphogenesis and signaling simultaneously in in silico models of developmental processes. The resolution…
Mathematical modeling in cancer has been growing in popularity and impact since its inception in 1932. The first theoretical mathematical modeling in cancer research was focused on understanding tumor growth laws and has grown to include…
Clockwise rotational movement of isolated single cilia in mice embryo was investigated in vivo. The movement generates leftward fluid flow in the node cavity and plays an important role in left-right determination. The leftward…
A small but growing number of people are finding interesting parallels between ecosystems as studied by ecologists (think of a Savanna or the Amazon rain forest or a Coral reef) and tumours1-3. The idea of viewing cancer from an ecological…
The ecophysiological response of plants to environmental heavy metal stress is indicated by the profile of its tissue HM concentrations (Cp) versus the concentration of the HM in the substrate (Cs). We report a systems biology approach to…
Nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen has been used to reconstruct the breastfeeding practices of archaeological human populations. However, weaning ages have been estimated subjectively because of a lack of both information on…
Skin is one of the largest human organ systems whose primary purpose is the protection of deeper tissues. As such, the skin must maintain a homeostatic balance in the face of many microenvironmental and genetic perturbations. At its…
Locomotor system disorders affect a vast majority of people at some time in their life bringing pain, functional limitations, social and economic implications. Modern medicine cannot offer prevention and effective treatment for most chronic…
Cancer cells maintain a high level of aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect), which is associated with their rapid proliferation. Many studies have reported that the suppression of glycolysis and activation of oxidative phosphorylation can…
Although the sauropod dinosaurs have been recognised for more than a hundred and sixty years, much remains to be discovered and understood about their functional anatomy and palaeobiology. Older taxa require revision and new taxa await…
The Sauropoda were the largest terrestrial animals ever to have lived on this planet. As their nutritional requirements were so huge, their diet holds sway over the ecology of many Mesozoic herbivores. The diet of the sauropods is limited…
In birds, diverticula of the lungs and air sacs pneumatize specific regions of the postcranial skeleton. Relationships among pulmonary components and skeletal regions they pneumatize allow inferences about pulmonary anatomy in non-avian…
The mechanical properties of skin are important for a number of applications including surgery, dermatology, impact biomechanics and forensic science. In this study we have investigated the influence of location and orientation on the…
The necks of the sauropod dinosaurs reached 15 m in length: six times longer than that of the world record giraffe and five times longer than those of all other terrestrial animals. Several anatomical features enabled this extreme…
In this article we shall trace the historical development of tumour growth laws, which in a quantitative fashion describe the increase in tumour mass/volume over time. These models are usually formulated in terms of differential equations…
Erythrocytes and vesicles shed by erythrocytes from human and rat blood were collected and analyzed after temperature was elevated by physical exercise or by exposure to external heat. The images of erythrocytes and vesicles were analyzed…