English

Zeros of Stern polynomials in the complex plane

Number Theory 2025-11-07 v1 Combinatorics

Abstract

The classical Stern sequence of positive integers was extended to a polynomial sequence Sn(λ)S_n(\lambda) by Klav\v{z}ar et. al. by defining S0(λ)=0S_0(\lambda) = 0, S1(λ)=1S_1(\lambda) = 1, and S2n(λ)=λSn(λ),S2n+1(λ)=Sn(λ)+Sn+1(λ).S_{2n}(\lambda) = \lambda S_n(\lambda),\quad S_{2n+1}(\lambda) = S_n(\lambda) + S_{n+1}(\lambda). Dilcher et. al. conjectured that all roots of Sn(λ)S_n(\lambda) lie in the half-plane {Rew<1}\{\operatorname{Re} w < 1\}. We make partial progress on this conjecture by proving that {w21}C\{|w-2| \leq 1\}\subseteq\mathbb C does not contain any roots of Sn(λ)S_n(\lambda). Our proof uses the Parabola Theorem for convergence of complex continued fractions. As a corollary, we establish a conjecture of Ulas and Ulas by showing that Sp(λ)S_p(\lambda) is irreducible in Z[λ]\mathbb Z[\lambda] whenever pp is a positive prime.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2511.03847,
  title  = {Zeros of Stern polynomials in the complex plane},
  author = {David Altizio},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.03847},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

27 pages, 6 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T07:23:33.818Z