In this work, we report a lattice calculation of x-dependent valence pion generalized parton distributions (GPDs) at zero skewness with multiple values of the momentum transfer −t. The calculations are based on an Nf=2+1 gauge ensemble of highly improved staggered quarks with Wilson-Clover valence fermion. The lattice spacing is 0.04 fm, and the pion valence mass is tuned to be 300 MeV. We determine the Lorentz-invariant amplitudes of the quasi-GPD matrix elements for both symmetric and asymmetric momenta transfers with similar values and show the equivalence of both frames. Then, focusing on the asymmetric frame, we utilize a hybrid scheme to renormalize the quasi-GPD matrix elements obtained from the lattice calculations. After the Fourier transforms, the quasi-GPDs are then matched to the light-cone GPDs within the framework of large momentum effective theory with improved matching, including the next-to-next-to-leading order perturbative corrections, and leading renormalon and renormalization group resummations. We also present the 3-dimensional image of the pion in impact-parameter space through the Fourier transform of the momentum transfer −t.
@article{arxiv.2407.03516,
title = {Three-dimensional Imaging of Pion using Lattice QCD: Generalized Parton Distributions},
author = {Heng-Tong Ding and Xiang Gao and Swagato Mukherjee and Peter Petreczky and Qi Shi and Sergey Syritsyn and Yong Zhao},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.03516},
year = {2025}
}