English

The fundamental module of $S_3$-symmetric tridiagonal algebra associated with cycles

Combinatorics 2025-08-20 v1

Abstract

Terwilliger recently introduced the S3S_3-symmetric tridiagonal algebra, a generalization of the tridiagonal algebra. This algebra has six generators naturally associated with the vertices of a regular hexagon: adjacent generators satisfy the tridiagonal relations, while non-adjacent ones commute. To each QQ-polynomial distance-regular graph Γ\Gamma, we associate scalars β,γ,γ,ϱ,ϱ\beta, \gamma, \gamma^*, \varrho, \varrho^*, and define the corresponding S3S_3-symmetric tridiagonal algebra T=T(β,γ,γ,ϱ,ϱ)\mathbb{T} = \mathbb{T}(\beta, \gamma, \gamma^*, \varrho, \varrho^*). Let VV denote the standard module of Γ\Gamma. Then the tensor V3:=VVVV^{\otimes 3} := V \otimes V \otimes V supports a T\mathbb{T}-module structure, and within it exists a unique irreducible T\mathbb{T}-submodule called the fundamental T\mathbb{T}-module, denoted by Λ\Lambda. In this paper, we focus on the case where Γ\Gamma is a cycle with vertex set XX and diameter DD. We show that the associated scalars satisfy: \begin{align*} \beta = \zeta + \zeta^{-1}, \quad \gamma = \gamma^* = 0, \quad \varrho = \varrho^* = -(\zeta-\zeta^{-1})^2, \end{align*} where ζ\zeta is a fixed primitive X|X|th root of unity. We prove that \begin{align*} \operatorname{dim}(\Lambda) & = \left\{\begin{array}{ll} \textstyle 2D^2+2 & \text{if } |X| \text{ is even},\\ \textstyle 2D^2 + 2D +1 & \text{if } |X| \text{ is odd}, \end{array} \right. \end{align*} and construct two explicit bases for Λ\Lambda, each of which diagonalizes half of the generators of T\mathbb{T}. Finally, we verify that Terwilliger's conjectures hold when Γ\Gamma is a cycle.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2508.13540,
  title  = {The fundamental module of $S_3$-symmetric tridiagonal algebra associated with cycles},
  author = {J. V. S. Morales},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.13540},
  year   = {2025}
}

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19 pages