English

Symmetry of the refined $q,t$-Catalan polynomials for $\vec{k}$-Dyck paths

Combinatorics 2026-05-12 v2

Abstract

Pappe, Paul, and Schilling introduced two combinatorial statistics, depth and ddinv, associated with classical Dyck paths, and proved that the distributions of (area, depth) and (dinv, ddinv) are q,tq,t-symmetric by constructing an involution on plane trees. They also provided a new formula for the original q,tq,t-Catalan polynomials Cn(q,t)C_{n}(q,t). We observe that depth is a slight modification of bounce, which was defined by the filling algorithm and ranking algorithm of Xin and the second author in their study of k\vec{k}-Dyck paths. In this article, we generalize depth of classical Dyck paths to the case of k\vec{k}-Dyck paths and prove q,tq,t-symmetry of the pair of statistics (area, depth) for K\mathcal{K}-Dyck paths. We provide an alternative description of the higher q,tq,t-Catalan polynomials Cn(k)(q,t)C_{n}^{(k)}(q,t).

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2510.08196,
  title  = {Symmetry of the refined $q,t$-Catalan polynomials for $\vec{k}$-Dyck paths},
  author = {Menghao Qu and Yingrui Zhang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.08196},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

24 pages, 8 figures