English

On the area-depth symmetry on {\L}ukasiewicz paths

Combinatorics 2026-05-29 v2

Abstract

In an effort to further understanding q,tq,t-Catalan statistics, a new statistic on Dyck paths called depth\mathtt{depth} was proposed in Pappe, Paul and Schilling (2022) and was shown to be jointly equi-distributed with the well-known area\mathtt{area} statistics. In a recent preprint, Qu and Zhang (2025) generalized depth\mathtt{depth} to so-called ``k\vec{k}-Dyck paths''. They showed that area\mathtt{area} and depth\mathtt{depth} are also jointly equi-distributed over such paths with a fixed multiset of up-steps and a given first up-step, and they conjectured that the same holds when also fixing the last up-step. In this short note, we settle this conjecture on the more general context of {\L}ukasiewicz paths by interpreting area\mathtt{area} and depth\mathtt{depth} under the classical bijection between {\L}ukasiewicz paths and plane trees, through which the symmetry is transparent.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.17949,
  title  = {On the area-depth symmetry on {\L}ukasiewicz paths},
  author = {Wenjie Fang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.17949},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

8 pages, 4 figures, submitted, first revision