Sorting permutations with pattern-avoiding machines

In this work of thesis we introduce and study a new family of sorting devices, which we call pattern-avoiding machines. They consist of two stacks in series, equipped with a greedy procedure. On both stacks we impose a static constraint in terms of pattern containment: reading the content from top to bottom, the first stack is not allowed to contain occurrences of a given pattern $\sigma$, whereas the second one is not allowed to contain occurrences of $21$. By analyzing the behavior of pattern-avoiding machines, we aim to gain a better understanding of the problem of sorting permutations with two consecutive stacks, which is currently one of the most challenging open problems in combinatorics.