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SN 2025coe: A Multiple-Peaked Calcium-Strong Transient from A White-Dwarf Progenitor

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2025-12-03 v2 Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

Abstract

SN 2025coe is a calcium-strong transient located at an extremely large projected offset \sim39.3 kpc from the center of its host, the nearby early-type galaxy NGC 3277 at a distance of \sim25.5 Mpc. In this paper, we present multi-band photometric and spectroscopic observations spanning \sim100 days post-discovery. Its multi-band light curves display {multiple} distinct peaks: (1) an initial peak at t1.6t \approx 1.6 days attributed to shock cooling emission, (2) a secondary peak of MR,peakM_{R, \, peak} \approx -15.8 mag at t10.2t \approx 10.2 days powered by radioactive decay, and (3) a {possible} late-time bump at t42.8t \approx 42.8 days likely caused by ejecta-circumstellar material/clump interaction. Spectral evolution of SN 2025coe reveals a fast transition to the nebular phase within 2 months, where it exhibits an exceptionally high [Ca II]/[O I] ratio larger than 6. Modeling of the bolometric light curve suggests an ejecta mass of Mej=0.290.15+0.14MM_{\rm ej} = 0.29^{+0.14}_{-0.15} \, M_{\odot}, a 56^{56}Ni mass of M56Ni=2.40.05+0.06×102MM_{\rm ^{56}Ni} = 2.4^{+0.06}_{-0.05} \times 10^{-2} M_{\odot}, and a progenitor envelope with mass Me=1.41.2+6.9×103MM_e = 1.4^{+6.9}_{-1.2} \times 10^{-3} \, M_{\odot} and radius Re=13.511.1+64.1RR_e = 13.5^{+64.1}_{-11.1} \, R_{\odot}. The tidal disruption of a hybrid HeCO white dwarf (WD) by a low-mass CO WD provides a natural explanation for the low ejecta mass, the small fraction of 56^{56}Ni, and the presence of an extended, low-mass envelope.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2510.00135,
  title  = {SN 2025coe: A Multiple-Peaked Calcium-Strong Transient from A White-Dwarf Progenitor},
  author = {Chun Chen and Ning-Chen Sun and Qiang Xi and Samaporn Tinyanont and David Aguado and Ismael Pérez-Fournon and Frédérick Poidevin and Justyn R. Maund and Amit Kumar and Junjie Jin and Yiming Mao and Beichuan Wang and Yu Zhang and Zhen Guo and Wenxiong Li and César Rojas-Bravo and Rong-Feng Shen and Lingzhi Wang and Ziyang Wang and Guoying Zhao and Jie Zheng and Yinan Zhu and David López Fernández-Nespral and Alicia López-Oramas and Zexi Niu and Yanan Wang and Klaas Wiersema and Jifeng Liu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.00135},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ