Smooth words and Chebyshev polynomials
Combinatorics
2008-09-04 v1
Abstract
A word over the alphabet is said to be {\em smooth} if there are no two adjacent letters with difference greater than 1. A word is said to be {\em smooth cyclic} if it is a smooth word and in addition satisfies . We find the explicit generating functions for the number of smooth words and cyclic smooth words in , in terms of {\it Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind}. Additionally, we find explicit formula for the numbers themselves, as trigonometric sums. These lead to immediate asymptotic corollaries. We also enumerate smooth necklaces, which are cyclic smooth words that are not equivalent up to rotation.
Cite
@article{arxiv.0809.0551,
title = {Smooth words and Chebyshev polynomials},
author = {Arnold Knopfmacher and Toufik Mansour and Augustine Munagi and Helmut Prodinger},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0809.0551},
year = {2008}
}
Comments
12 pages