English

Smallest and Largest Block Palindrome Factorizations

Combinatorics 2023-04-17 v2 Discrete Mathematics

Abstract

A \emph{palindrome} is a word that reads the same forwards and backwards. A \emph{block palindrome factorization} (or \emph{BP-factorization}) is a factorization of a word into blocks that becomes palindrome if each identical block is replaced by a distinct symbol. We call the number of blocks in a BP-factorization the \emph{width} of the BP-factorization. The \emph{largest BP-factorization} of a word ww is the BP-factorization of ww with the maximum width. We study words with certain BP-factorizations. First, we give a recurrence for the number of length-nn words with largest BP-factorization of width tt. Second, we show that the expected width of the largest BP-factorization of a word tends to a constant. Third, we give some results on another extremal variation of BP-factorization, the \emph{smallest BP-factorization}. A \emph{border} of a word ww is a non-empty word that is both a proper prefix and suffix of ww. Finally, we conclude by showing a connection between words with a unique border and words whose smallest and largest BP-factorizations coincide.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2302.13147,
  title  = {Smallest and Largest Block Palindrome Factorizations},
  author = {Daniel Gabric and Jeffrey Shallit},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13147},
  year   = {2023}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T08:49:33.731Z