Sharp systolic inequalities for K\"ahler manifolds

We establish sharp inequalities for two-dimensional systolic invariants of metrics with positive scalar curvature: the $2$-systole and the spherical $2$-systole of compact K\"ahler manifolds, and the stable $2$-systole of Riemannian metrics on a general class of $\mathrm{spin}^c$ manifolds and their products. These bounds attain equality precisely for complex projective space $\mathbb{CP}^n$ equipped with the Fubini--Study metric, and admit further refinements for Fano manifolds which distinguish the complex quadric, cubic, and quartic with their canonical K\"ahler--Einstein structures. We also obtain an algebraic characterization of manifolds admitting K\"ahler metrics with non-negative total scalar curvature, which implies Gromov's rational-essentialness conjecture for K\"ahler metrics. Finally, we prove uniform bounds for the stable $2$-systole of $\mathrm{spin}^c$ manifolds under a general essentialness condition, as well as for the Gromov width, volume, and higher stable systoles of K\"ahler manifolds.