English

Seeable universe and its accelerated expansion: an observational test

General Physics 2013-11-22 v2

Abstract

From the equivalence principle, one gets the strength of the gravitational effect of a mass MM on the metric at position r from it. It is proportional to the dimensionless parameter β2=2GM/rc2\beta^2 = 2GM/rc^2, which normally is <<1<< 1. Here GG is the gravitational constant, MM the mass of the gravitating body, rr the position of the metric from the gravitating body and cc the speed of light. The seeable universe is the sphere, with center at the observer, having a size such that it shall contain all light emitted within it. For this to occur one can impose that the gravitational effect on the velocity of light at rr is zero for the radial component, and non zero for the tangential one. Light is then trapped. The condition is given by the equality Rg=2GM/c2R_g = 2GM/c^2, where RgR_g represents the radius of the {\it seeable} universe. It is the gravitational radius of the mass MM. The result has been presented elsewhere as the condition for the universe to be treated as a black hole. According to present observations, for the case of our universe taken as flat (k=0k = 0), and the equation of state as p=ρc2p = - \rho c^2, we prove here from the Einstein's cosmological equations that the universe is expanding in an accelerated way as t2t^2, a constant acceleration as has been observed. This implies that the gravitational radius of the universe (at the event horizon) expands as t2t^2. Taking cc as constant, observing the galaxies deep in space this means deep in time as ctct, linear. Then, far away galaxies from the observer that we see today will disappear in time as they get out of the distance ct that is <Rg< R_g. The accelerated expanding vacuum will drag them out of sight. This may be a valid test for the present ideas in cosmology. Previous calculations are here halved by our results.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1209.1832,
  title  = {Seeable universe and its accelerated expansion: an observational test},
  author = {Antonio Alfonso-Faus and Màrius Josep Fullana i Alfonso},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1209.1832},
  year   = {2013}
}

Comments

15 pages, 2 figures