Related papers: Seeable universe and its accelerated expansion: an…
Assuming that the universe is homogenous and isotropic and applying Gauss' flux theorem for gravity, it follows that the gravitational field of the visible universe can be calculated as if the entire mass of the visible universe is located…
The recent Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments have shown that the average density of the universe is close to the critical one and the universe is asymptotically flat (Euclidean). Taking into account that the universe remains…
The Universe has a gravitational horizon with a radius R_h=c/H coincident with that of the Hubble sphere. This surface separates null geodesics approaching us from those receding, and as free-falling observers within the…
The astronomical observations indicate that the universe expands with acceleration and it has a finite event horizon. The recent CMB observations confirm the universe is homogeneous, isotropic and asymptotically flat. The total…
We investigate the gravitational property of the quantum vacuum by treating its large energy density predicted by quantum field theory seriously and assuming that it does gravitate to obey the equivalence principle of general relativity. We…
The universe is viewed as a dust gas filling a sphere and floating in infinite empty space. Einstein's gravitational equations are applied to this case together with appropriate boundary values. The equations are solved for initial…
In general relativity, a gravitational horizon (more commonly known as the "apparent horizon") is an imaginary surface beyond which all null geodesics recede from the observer. The Universe has an apparent (gravitational) horizon, but…
The cosmological principle, promoting the view that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, is embodied within the mathematical structure of the Robertson-Walker (RW) metric. The equations derived from an application of this metric to…
The emergence of a highly improbable coincidence in cosmological observations speaks to a remarkably simple cosmic expansion. Compelling evidence now suggests that the Universe's gravitational horizon, coincident with the better known…
The recent astronomical observations indicate that the expanding universe is homogeneous, isotropic and asymptotically flat. The Euclidean geometry of the universe enables to determine the total gravitational and kinetic energy of the…
Based on some observations, the apparent energy, associated with gravity, of vacuums is defined, with that of normal vacuums to be zero and that of the vacuums losing some energy to be negative. An important application of the energy is its…
The gravitaional force produced by a point particle, like the sun, in the background of the static Einstein universe is studied. Both the approximate solution in the weak field limit and exact solution are obtained. The main properties of…
We present here a general relativistic mechanism for accelerated cosmic expansion and the Hubble's constant. It is shown that spacetime vorticity coupled to the magnetic field density in galaxies causes the galaxies to recede from one…
We present gravitation as a theory in which the coordinates are distances and velocities between galaxies. We show that there are three possibilities for the Universe to expand: decelerating, constant and accelerating, and it is shown that…
We present a theory based upon the treatment of the gravitational field as a sea of gravity quanta, as defined elsewhere. The resultant model for the Universe is a static one, like Einstein first saw, with a new feature: a local shrinking…
A scalar-tensor theory of gravity is formulated in which $G$ and particle masses are allowed to vary. The theory yields a globally static cosmological model with no evolutionary timescales, no cosmological coincidences, and no flatness and…
Recent astronomical observations verify the new scenario resulting from new conservation laws and a new relativity principle fixed either by dual properties of light or by new gravitational (G) tests and the Einstein's equivalence…
We present some astrophysical consequences of the metric for a point mass in an expanding universe derived in Nandra, Lasenby & Hobson, and of the associated invariant expression for the force required to keep a test particle at rest…
According to this principle, the relativistic changes occurring to the bodies, after velocity changes, cannot be detected by observers moving with them because bodies and stationary radiations change in identical proportion after identical…
Three theoretical criteria for gravitational theories beyond general relativity are considered: obtaining the cosmological constant as an integration constant, deriving the energy conservation law as a consequence of the field equations,…