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Schur-Weyl duality for tensor powers of the Burau representation

Representation Theory 2021-07-20 v3 Quantum Algebra

Abstract

Artin's braid group BnB_n is generated by σ1,,σn1\sigma_1, \dots, \sigma_{n-1} subject to the relations σiσi+1σi=σi+1σiσi+1,σiσj=σjσi if ij>1. \sigma_i \sigma_{i+1} \sigma_i = \sigma_{i+1} \sigma_i \sigma_{i+1}, \quad \sigma_i\sigma_j = \sigma_j \sigma_i \text{ if } |i-j|>1. For complex parameters q1,q2q_1,q_2 such that q1q20q_1q_2 \ne 0, the group BnB_n acts on the vector space E=iCei\mathbf{E} = \sum_i \mathbb{C} \mathbf{e}_i with basis e1,,en\mathbf{e}_1, \dots, \mathbf{e}_n by \begin{gather*} \sigma_i \cdot \mathbf{e}_i = (q_1+q_2)\mathbf{e}_i + q_1\mathbf{e}_{i+1}, \quad \sigma_i \cdot \mathbf{e}_{i+1} = -q_2\mathbf{e}_i, \\ \sigma_i \cdot \mathbf{e}_j = q_1 \mathbf{e}_j \text{ if } j \ne i,i+1. \end{gather*} This representation is (a slight generalization of) the Burau representation. If q=q2/q1q = -q_2/q_1 is not a root of unity, we show that the algebra of all endomorphisms of Er\mathbf{E}^{\otimes r} commuting with the BnB_n-action is generated by the place-permutation action of the symmetric group SrS_r and the operator p1p_1, given by p1(ej1ej2ejr)=qj11i=1neiej2ejr. p_1(\mathbf{e}_{j_1} \otimes \mathbf{e}_{j_2} \otimes \cdots \otimes \mathbf{e}_{j_r}) = q^{j_1-1} \, \sum_{i=1}^n \mathbf{e}_i \otimes \mathbf{e}_{j_2} \otimes \cdots \otimes \mathbf{e}_{j_r} . Equivalently, as a (CBn,Pr([n]q))(\mathbb{C} B_n, \mathcal{P}'_r([n]_q))-bimodule, Er\mathbf{E}^{\otimes r} satisfies Schur--Weyl duality, where Pr([n]q)\mathcal{P}'_r([n]_q) is a certain subalgebra of the partition algebra Pr([n]q)\mathcal{P}_r([n]_q) on 2r2r nodes with parameter [n]q=1+q++qn1[n]_q = 1+q+\cdots + q^{n-1}, isomorphic to the semigroup algebra of the "rook monoid" studied by W. D. Munn, L. Solomon, and others.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2012.10439,
  title  = {Schur-Weyl duality for tensor powers of the Burau representation},
  author = {Stephen Doty and Anthony Giaquinto},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.10439},
  year   = {2021}
}

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37 pages