English

Schmidt representation of 3-qubits with real amplitudes

Quantum Physics 2021-11-24 v1

Abstract

From the Schmidt representation we have that, up to local gates, every 2-qubit state can be written as [ϕ=λ1[00+λ2[11[\phi\rangle=\lambda_1 [00\rangle+\lambda_2 [11\rangle with λ1\lambda_1 and λ2\lambda_2 real numbers. For 3-qubits states, it is known, PRL 2000 85, that up to local gates every 3-qubit state can be written as [ϕ=λ1[000+λ2eiθ[100+λ3[101+λ4[110+λ5[111[\phi\rangle=\lambda_1 [000\rangle+\lambda_2 e^{i \theta }[100\rangle+\lambda_3[101\rangle+\lambda_4[110\rangle+\lambda_5[111\rangle with λi0\lambda_i\ge0 and 0θπ0\le \theta \le \pi. In this paper, we show that no every 3-qubit state with real amplitudes can be transform in the form [ϕ=λ1[000+λ2[100+λ3[101+λ4[110+λ5[111[\phi\rangle=\lambda_1 [000\rangle+\lambda_2 [100\rangle+\lambda_3[101\rangle+\lambda_4[110\rangle+\lambda_5[111\rangle by using local gates in the orthogonal group (the group generated by Ry(θ)R_y(\theta) and XX gates). We also show that, up to local gates in the orthogonal group, every 3-qubit with real amplitudes can be written as [ϕ=λ1[000+λ2[011+λ3[101+λ4[110+λ5[111[\phi\rangle=\lambda_1 [000\rangle+\lambda_2 [011\rangle+\lambda_3[101\rangle+\lambda_4[110\rangle+\lambda_5[111\rangle with the λi\lambda_i real numbers. An explanation of this result can be found in the youtube video \url{https://youtu.be/gDN20QHzsoQ}

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2012.14031,
  title  = {Schmidt representation of 3-qubits with real amplitudes},
  author = {Oscar Perdomo},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.14031},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

9 pages. A youtube video explainnig the result in this paper: https://youtu.be/gDN20QHzsoQ

R2 v1 2026-06-23T21:28:05.326Z