English

Rings Whose Units Have Identity Plus Quasi-Nilpotent Square

Rings and Algebras 2025-09-16 v1 Representation Theory

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the structural and characterizing properties of the so-called {\it 2-UQ rings}, that are rings such that the square of every unit is the sum of an idempotent and a quasi-nilpotent element that commute with each other. We establish some fundamental connections between 2-UQ rings and relevant widely classes of rings including 2-UJ, 2-UU and tripotent rings. Our novel results include: (1) complete characterizations of 2-UQ group rings, showing that they force underlying groups to be either 2-groups or 3-groups when 3J(R)3 \in J(R); (2) Morita context extensions preserving the 2-UQ property when trace ideals are nilpotent; and (3) the discovery that potent 2-UQ rings are precisely the semi-tripotent rings. Furthermore, we determine how the 2-UQ property interacts with the regularity, cleanness and potent conditions. Likewise, certain examples and counter-examples illuminate the boundaries between 2-UQ rings and their special relatives. These achievements of ours somewhat substantially expand those obtained by Cui-Yin in Commun. Algebra (2020) and by Danchev {\it et al.} in J. Algebra \& Appl. (2025).

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.11319,
  title  = {Rings Whose Units Have Identity Plus Quasi-Nilpotent Square},
  author = {Shahram Najafi and Ahmad Moussavi and Peter Danchev},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.11319},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

16 pages

R2 v1 2026-07-01T05:35:37.127Z