English

Regular projections of graphs with at most three double points

Geometric Topology 2020-05-19 v3

Abstract

A generic immersion of a planar graph into the 2-space is said to be knotted if there does not exist a trivial embedding of the graph into the 3-space obtained by lifting the immersion with respect to the natural projection from the 3-space to the 2-space. In this paper we show that if a generic immersion of a planar graph is knotted then the number of double points of the immersion is more than or equal to three. To prove this, we also show that an embedding of a graph obtained from a generic immersion of the graph (does not need to be planar) with at most three double points is totally free if it contains neither a Hopf link nor a trefoil knot.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.0808.4027,
  title  = {Regular projections of graphs with at most three double points},
  author = {Youngsik Huh and Ryo Nikkuni},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0808.4027},
  year   = {2020}
}

Comments

16 pages, 31 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-21T11:14:56.397Z