English

Recurrence along directions in multidimensional words

Combinatorics 2020-06-18 v2

Abstract

In this paper we introduce and study new notions of uniform recurrence in multidimensional words. A dd-dimensional word is called \emph{uniformly recurrent} if for all (s1,,sd)Nd(s_1,\ldots,s_d)\in\mathbb{N}^d there exists nNn\in\mathbb{N} such that each block of size (n,,n)(n,\ldots,n) contains the prefix of size (s1,,sd)(s_1,\ldots,s_d). We are interested in a modification of this property. Namely, we ask that for each rational direction (q1,,qd)(q_1,\ldots,q_d), each rectangular prefix occurs along this direction in positions (q1,,qd)\ell(q_1,\ldots,q_d) with bounded gaps. Such words are called \emph{uniformly recurrent along all directions}. We provide several constructions of multidimensional words satisfying this condition, and more generally, a series of four increasingly stronger conditions. In particular, we study the uniform recurrence along directions of multidimentional rotation words and of fixed points of square morphisms.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1907.00192,
  title  = {Recurrence along directions in multidimensional words},
  author = {Émilie Charlier and Svetlana Puzynina and Élise Vandomme},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.00192},
  year   = {2020}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T10:07:28.877Z