English

On shortening universal words for multi-dimensional permutations

Combinatorics 2026-03-03 v1

Abstract

A universal word (u-word) for dd-dimensional permutations of length nn is a 2-dimensional word with d1d-1 rows, any size nn window of which is order-isomorphic to exactly one permutation of length nn, and all permutations of length nn are covered. It is known that u-words (in fact, even u-cycles, a stronger claim) for dd-dimensional permutations exist. In this paper, we use the idea of incomparable elements to prove that u-words of length (n!)d1+n1i(n1)(n!)^{d-1}+n-1-i(n-1), for d2d\geq 2 and 0i2d1n1[(1+(n1)!)d1(1+(n1)!2)d1],0\leq i\leq \frac{2^{d-1}}{n-1}\left[(1+(n-1)!)^{d-1}-\left(1+\frac{(n-1)!}{2}\right)^{d-1}\right], for dd-dimensional permutations of length nn exist, which generalizes the respective result of Kitaev, Potapov and Vajnovszki for ``usual'' permutations (d=2d=2).

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.01005,
  title  = {On shortening universal words for multi-dimensional permutations},
  author = {Sergey Kitaev and Dun Qiu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.01005},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

To appear in Discrete Mathematics

R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:57:49.409Z