Realizability of tropical canonical divisors

We use recent results by Bainbridge-Chen-Gendron-Grushevsky-Moeller on compactifications of strata of abelian differentials to give a comprehensive solution to the realizability problem for effective tropical canonical divisors in equicharacteristic zero. Given a pair $(\Gamma, D)$ consisting of a stable tropical curve $\Gamma$ and a divisor $D$ in the canonical linear system on $\Gamma$, we give a purely combinatorial condition to decide whether there is a smooth curve $X$ over a non-Archimedean field whose stable reduction has $\Gamma$ as its dual tropical curve together with a effective canonical divisor $K_X$ that specializes to $D$. Along the way, we develop a moduli-theoretic framework to understand Baker's specialization of divisors from algebraic to tropical curves as a natural toroidal tropicalization map in the sense of Abramovich-Caporaso-Payne.