English

Real eternal PDE solutions are not complex entire: a quadratic parabolic example

Analysis of PDEs 2024-12-04 v3 Dynamical Systems

Abstract

In parabolic or hyperbolic PDEs, solutions which remain uniformly bounded for all real times t=rRt=r\in\mathbb{R} are often called PDE entire or eternal. For example, consider the quadratic parabolic PDE \begin{equation*} \label{*} w_t=w_{xx}+6w^2-\lambda, \tag{*} \end{equation*} for 0<x<120<x<\tfrac{1}{2}, under Neumann boundary conditions. By its gradient-like structure, all real eternal non-equilibrium orbits Γ(r)\Gamma(r) of \eqref{*} are heteroclinic among equilibria w=Wn(x)w=W_n(x). All nontrivial real WnW_n are rescaled and properly translated real-valued Weierstrass elliptic functions with Morse index i(Wn)=ni(W_n)=n. We show that the complex time extensions Γ(r+is)\Gamma(r+\mathrm{i}s), of analytic real heteroclinic orbits towards W0=λ/6W_0=-\sqrt{\lambda/6}, are not complex entire. For example, consider the time-reversible complex-valued solution ψ(s)\psi(s) of the nonlinear and nonconservative quadratic Schr\"odinger equation \begin{equation*} \label{**} \mathrm{i}\psi_s=\psi_{xx}+6\psi^2-\lambda \tag{**} \end{equation*} with real initial condition ψ0=Γ(r0)\psi_0=\Gamma(r_0). Then there exist r0r_0 such that ψ(s)\psi(s) blows up at some finite real times ±s\pm s^*. Abstractly, our results are formulated in the setting of analytic semigroups. They are based on Poincar\'e non-resonance of unstable eigenvalues at equilibria WnW_n, near pitchfork bifurcation. Technically, we have to except a discrete set of λ>0\lambda>0, and are currently limited to unstable dimensions n22n\leq22, or to fast unstable manifolds of dimensions d<1+12nd<1+\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}n.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2403.06490,
  title  = {Real eternal PDE solutions are not complex entire: a quadratic parabolic example},
  author = {Bernold Fiedler and Hannes Stuke},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.06490},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

52+ii pages, 4 figures