Random Initialization Solves Shapley's Fictitious Play Counterexample
Computer Science and Game Theory
2023-12-21 v3 Theoretical Economics
Abstract
In 1964 Shapley devised a family of games for which fictitious play fails to converge to Nash equilibrium. The games are two-player non-zero-sum with 3 pure strategies per player. Shapley assumed that each player played a specific pure strategy in the first round. We show that if we use random (mixed) strategy profile initializations we are able to converge to Nash equilibrium approximately 1/3 of the time for a representative game in this class.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2209.02154,
title = {Random Initialization Solves Shapley's Fictitious Play Counterexample},
author = {Sam Ganzfried},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.02154},
year = {2023}
}
Comments
Superceded by arXiv:2001.11165