English

Random \beta-transformation on fat Sierpinski gasket

Dynamical Systems 2022-01-20 v1

Abstract

We consider the iterated function system (IFS) fq(z)=z+qβ,q{(0,0),(1,0),(0,1)}.f_{\vec{q}}(\vec{z})=\frac{\vec{z}+\vec{q}}{\beta},\vec{q}\in\{(0,0),(1,0),(0,1)\}. As is well known, for β=2\beta = 2 the attractor, SβS_\beta, is a fractal called the Sierpi\'nski gasket(or sieve) and for β>2\beta>2 it is also a fractal. Our goal is to study greedy, lazy and random β\beta-transformations on the attractor for this IFS with 1<β<21<\beta<2. For 1<β3/21<\beta\leq 3/2, SβS_\beta is a triangle and it is shown that the greedy transformation TβT_\beta and the lazy transformation LβL_\beta are isomorphic and they both admit an absolutely continuous invariant measure. We show that all β\beta-expansions of a point z\vec{z} in SβS_\beta can be generated by a random map KβK_\beta defined on {0,1}N×{0,1,2}N×Sβ\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}\times\{0,1,2\}^\mathbb{N}\times S_\beta and KβK_\beta has a unique invariant measure of maximal entropy when 1<ββ1<\beta\leq\beta_*, where β1.4656\beta_*\approx 1.4656 is the root of x3x21=0x^3-x^2-1=0. We also show existence of a KβK_\beta-invariant probability measure, absolutely continuous with respect to m1m2λ2m_1\otimes m_2 \otimes \lambda_2, where m1,m2m_1, m_2 are product measures on {0,1}N,{0,1,2}N\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N},\{0,1,2\}^\mathbb{N}, respectively, and λ2\lambda_2 is the normalized Lebesgue measure on SβS_\beta. For 3/2<ββ3/2<\beta\leq \beta^*, where β1.5437\beta^*\approx 1.5437 is the root of x32x2+2x=2x^3-2x^2+2x=2, there are radial holes in SβS_\beta. In this case, KβK_\beta is defined on {0,1}N×Sβ\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}\times S_\beta. We also show that it has a unique invariant measure of maximal entropy.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2201.07560,
  title  = {Random \beta-transformation on fat Sierpinski gasket},
  author = {Tingyu Zhang and Karma Dajani and Wenxia Li},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.07560},
  year   = {2022}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-24T08:55:06.443Z