English

Q-balls in polynomial potentials

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology 2023-02-01 v2 High Energy Physics - Theory

Abstract

Bosons carrying a conserved charge can form stable bound states if their Lagrangian contains attractive self-interactions. Bound-state configurations with a large charge QQ can be described classically and are denoted as Q-balls, their properties encoded in a non-linear differential equation. Here, we study Q-balls in arbitrary polynomial single-scalar-field potentials both numerically and via various analytical approximations. We highlight some surprising universal features of Q-balls that barely depend on the details of the potential. The polynomial potentials studied here can be realized in renormalizable models involving additional heavy or light scalars, as we illustrate with several examples.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2211.00021,
  title  = {Q-balls in polynomial potentials},
  author = {Julian Heeck and Mikheil Sokhashvili},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.00021},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

13 pages, matches PRD version

R2 v1 2026-06-28T04:52:43.272Z