Orthogonal projection, dual Furstenberg problem, and discretized sum-product

In this paper we come up with a dual version of the Furstenberg problem and obtain partial results via $L^p$ estimates of orthogonal projections. Examples are also discussed. Moreover, compared with general sets, we find that special structure like Cartesian product has better $L^p$-behavior. This leads to improvement on some discretized sum-product estimates.