Order from chaos: Observation of large-scale flow from turbulence in a two-dimensional superfluid
Abstract
Interacting systems driven far from equilibrium tend to evolve to steady states exhibiting large-scale structure and order. In two-dimensional turbulent flow the seemingly random swirling motion of a fluid can evolve towards persistent large-scale vortices. Lars Onsager proposed a model based on statistical mechanics of quantized vortices to explain such behavior. Here we report the first experimental confirmation of Onsager's model of turbulence. We drag a grid barrier through an oblate superfluid Bose--Einstein condensate to generate non-equilibrium distributions of vortices. We observe an inverse energy cascade driven by the evaporative heating of vortices, leading to steady-state configurations characterized by negative temperatures. Our results open a pathway for quantitative studies of emergent structures in interacting quantum systems driven far from equilibrium.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.1801.06952,
title = {Order from chaos: Observation of large-scale flow from turbulence in a two-dimensional superfluid},
author = {Shaun P. Johnstone and Andrew J. Groszek and Philip T. Starkey and Christopher J. Billington and Tapio P. Simula and Kristian Helmerson},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.06952},
year = {2019}
}
Comments
11 pages, 4 figures, 8 supplementary figures