Strong and weak wave turbulence regimes in Bose-Einstein condensates
Abstract
When a turbulent Bose-Einstein condensate is driven out-of-equilibrium at a scale much smaller than the system size, nonlinear wave interactions transfer particles towards large scales in an inverse cascade process. In this work, we study numerically wave turbulence in a three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate in forced and dissipated inverse cascade settings. We observe that when the forcing rate increases, thereby increasing the particle flux, the turbulence spectrum gradually transitions from the weak-wave Kolmogorov-Zakharov cascade to a critical balance state characterized by a range of scales with balanced linear and nonlinear dynamic timescales. Further forcing increases lead to a coherent condensate component superimposed with Bogoliubov-type acoustic turbulence. The role of vortices in such a strongly forced state is marginal, which makes this new state very different from the strongly turbulent state composed of a tangle of quantized vortex lines. We then use our predictions and numerical data to formulate a new out-of-equilibrium equation of state for the 3D inverse cascade.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2411.19812,
title = {Strong and weak wave turbulence regimes in Bose-Einstein condensates},
author = {Ying Zhu and Giorgio Krstulovic and Sergey Nazarenko},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.19812},
year = {2026}
}