English

On Witten's extremal partition functions

Number Theory 2019-04-18 v3

Abstract

In his famous 2007 paper on three dimensional quantum gravity, Witten defined candidates for the partition functions Zk(q)=n=kwk(n)qnZ_k(q)=\sum_{n=-k}^{\infty}w_k(n)q^n of potential extremal CFTs with central charges of the form c=24kc=24k. Although such CFTs remain elusive, he proved that these modular functions are well-defined. In this note, we point out several explicit representations of these functions. These involve the partition function p(n)p(n), Faber polynomials, traces of singular moduli, and Rademacher sums. Furthermore, for each prime p11p\leq 11, the pp series Zk(q)Z_k(q), where k{1,,p1}{p+1},k\in \{1, \dots, p-1\} \cup \{p+1\}, possess a Ramanujan congruence. More precisely, for every non-zero integer nn we have that wk(pn)0{(mod211)    if p=2,(mod35)    if p=3,(mod52)    if p=5,(modp)    if p=7,11. w_k(pn) \equiv 0\begin{cases} \pmod{2^{11}}\ \ \ \ &{\text {\rm if}}\ p=2, \pmod{3^5} \ \ \ \ &{\text {\rm if}}\ p=3, \pmod{5^2}\ \ \ \ &{\text {\rm if}}\ p=5, \pmod{p} \ \ \ \ &{\text {\rm if}}\ p=7, 11. \end{cases}

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1807.00444,
  title  = {On Witten's extremal partition functions},
  author = {Ken Ono and Larry Rolen},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.00444},
  year   = {2019}
}

Comments

8 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-23T02:47:37.664Z